tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47361921428323888462024-03-15T06:34:45.664-07:00Chemung County Historical SocietyChemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.comBlogger572125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-34360868839714252142024-03-11T04:30:00.000-07:002024-03-11T04:30:00.393-07:00The Demise of the Beneficial Order of Earnest Workersby Susan Zehnder, Education Director <div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">Every day
when opening our social media accounts, we discover new scams aimed at tempting
us to send money or provide personal information. Despite filters, and best
intentions, it just seems to be part of doing business in the early 21<sup>st</sup>
century. A blessing and a curse, digital media have increased our risk, and artificial
intelligence has made scams more sophisticated. But, is this different than
before? A look back at newspapers from the late 19<sup>th</sup> century proves
that while the scale of scams may have increased, they are certainly nothing
new.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">One national
scam with local impact took place in the spring of 1891. The Star-Gazette
reported that over a period of four weeks, a group of citizens in Elmira lost a
total of $1,500, or $50,000 in today’s money. The unfortunate group had joined a
newly formed chapter of a national organization with the unlucky name of The
Beneficial Order of Earnest Workers (BOEW).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4OVifBVuvhdeJHrKugNrd-XcwYph21yM3AdGl20xnXQmGXZgV0gk1QoV_CZXkoMP4_rnYMwwUhJo_6NNejJSA2l0Y6Pse3_4NSKxnV-GdWnT19PQuGepdWbvuNeI3ztEqdAGEEk5mQpFfUaEQ_myJse83aSt8XlaMpYFGnEJPC21iWT-oaJniTAYvAqR/s1387/Factory%20Workers%201890.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1387" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4OVifBVuvhdeJHrKugNrd-XcwYph21yM3AdGl20xnXQmGXZgV0gk1QoV_CZXkoMP4_rnYMwwUhJo_6NNejJSA2l0Y6Pse3_4NSKxnV-GdWnT19PQuGepdWbvuNeI3ztEqdAGEEk5mQpFfUaEQ_myJse83aSt8XlaMpYFGnEJPC21iWT-oaJniTAYvAqR/s320/Factory%20Workers%201890.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unidentified factory workers, 1890-1920, Elmira, NY</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">Headquartered
in Philadelphia, the BOEW boasted over
28,000 members nationwide, with the Elmira chapter counting for 128 members. The
organization was one of a number of short-term beneficial societies that
promised to pay investors $100 in return for their small investment in only
nine weeks. At one time, the New Jersey branch took in over $25,000 in
investments every week. Though not all beneficial societies were corrupt, this entire organization was.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">Today,
the name of the organization seems quaint, though it was a term used to
describe a collective or cooperative financial group. Sometimes called friendly
societies, benevolent societies focused on providing funds for a group
financial or social purpose and were common before modern insurance or
organized social services. Beneficial societies can still be found in countries
where larger banks do not want to invest. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">This
society, however, wasn’t built on altruistic ideas. Instead, the officers
schemed to extract hard-earned cash from anyone willing to risk their money. Men
with titles like The Supreme President, The Supreme Treasurer, and The Supreme
Secretary of the Beneficial Order of Earnest Workers enticed their unsuspecting
victims. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">When the
scheme fell apart, after only a matter of weeks, various members were arrested
in Philadelphia. At least one of these reportedly had his travel cases packed
and tickets bought, knowing he needed to escape. One of the Elmira officers
traveled to Philadelphia to recover money, but was unsuccessful. Sums lost ranged
from $37 to nearly $700. Writing about the scandal, The Star-Gazette mentions a
“prominent disinterested lawyer” in Philadelphia remarking that because the
victims willingly invested, it would be hard to pursue justice. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">It’s not
clear if any of the victims ever recovered some or all of their investments.
Certainly, the Elmira members were not the only ones, but for a few days in
1891, it made a dramatic story in the paper. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%;">We like
to think we’re smarter than that, but today’s schemes continue to lure
unsuspecting victims. Below is information from
the US government on ways to avoid being a victim of scams, and we encourage
you to share it with anyone who might benefit. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj0bG2vPp45u1zGfEtgcajaPRjbI_gd-JJnOgDPqYA9seQY-Z6wy5sj8GE9WkCC2J2NWpvFzRPCKWnqgYRVSKXxZmYPJuDPJ0nEdpM2g1NCbmrL5O3PqTpasVizz5iOF_WNSV_d9YtqzyusIXoNm5DsdprT5td8UUmItn3Yv8m8RAClChxTW_1XYx2dsTG/s1650/scandalgov.tif" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1275" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj0bG2vPp45u1zGfEtgcajaPRjbI_gd-JJnOgDPqYA9seQY-Z6wy5sj8GE9WkCC2J2NWpvFzRPCKWnqgYRVSKXxZmYPJuDPJ0nEdpM2g1NCbmrL5O3PqTpasVizz5iOF_WNSV_d9YtqzyusIXoNm5DsdprT5td8UUmItn3Yv8m8RAClChxTW_1XYx2dsTG/w309-h400/scandalgov.tif" width="309" /></a></div></div>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-30341621789389348162024-02-26T04:30:00.000-08:002024-02-29T06:23:42.970-08:00Ace Photographer<p><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin, archivist</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Over the years, I must have seen the logo of Ace Photo Studio
on the back of a hundred photos in our collection, but I didn’t know much about
the studio or George “Ace” Horsey, the man who owned it. Then two of his nieces
came in looking to see what we had on their family. In the end, they wound up
educating me! They kindly shared their family’s story with me so I, in turn,
could share it with you.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZpwsig2z4qu402FuLH6IRNkbux1DAtpmATgO3g3KuzvZaz9uk3KNT64a6XJIqVTuhpzmwyCVAE7SkK6z6gNrO8G4TSklMP6uMYgToGLWWCDgFoN0i3TcI1RGbEyUg2Gf4FeRoXUjixOTEWXQ4wV-IFPXlnf-Afmg-sCnLQfh3piAWvIoa_Y1WhSmz7gKX/s1699/Ace%20Photo%20Studio%20stamp.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1213" data-original-width="1699" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZpwsig2z4qu402FuLH6IRNkbux1DAtpmATgO3g3KuzvZaz9uk3KNT64a6XJIqVTuhpzmwyCVAE7SkK6z6gNrO8G4TSklMP6uMYgToGLWWCDgFoN0i3TcI1RGbEyUg2Gf4FeRoXUjixOTEWXQ4wV-IFPXlnf-Afmg-sCnLQfh3piAWvIoa_Y1WhSmz7gKX/s320/Ace%20Photo%20Studio%20stamp.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTc4CWPjtou9ZDOg3XLX4tIt1gSUnWUw_KJ5ZjcZbsF0lkqas0sD80DaEOTfr7Qi0bL3IXtZ6SUCtJ15xMiNsMjb5HHnCHTek-B4ujgYwmUa5wYXvYR1QPlagjbxKAQpNVQR7qLehKL5qOSF5Q_mvIrUaLDj8-c62ZO-q5j-H9cBkb3aW7fXvIv49YP_kv/s1155/Ace%20Horsey.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="921" data-original-width="1155" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTc4CWPjtou9ZDOg3XLX4tIt1gSUnWUw_KJ5ZjcZbsF0lkqas0sD80DaEOTfr7Qi0bL3IXtZ6SUCtJ15xMiNsMjb5HHnCHTek-B4ujgYwmUa5wYXvYR1QPlagjbxKAQpNVQR7qLehKL5qOSF5Q_mvIrUaLDj8-c62ZO-q5j-H9cBkb3aW7fXvIv49YP_kv/s320/Ace%20Horsey.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0i3jcJdZIHHihwBrOHNb78igMLPmeWz4SEETPyARiq6bKV6dVhyBZYnkMBgy9eJknVwXH1zOiIDLSv20qwkVRezNdgW5LcqsLMd6xJcAHker9mIiJPOnXqa_heOFSdifAAflfXQVzJubwNgve_KwQ3i48SdccEU4TAK_nzgwNEebNNEq-aySNyomvItb8/s3008/Ace%20Horsey%20in%20dark%20room.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2372" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0i3jcJdZIHHihwBrOHNb78igMLPmeWz4SEETPyARiq6bKV6dVhyBZYnkMBgy9eJknVwXH1zOiIDLSv20qwkVRezNdgW5LcqsLMd6xJcAHker9mIiJPOnXqa_heOFSdifAAflfXQVzJubwNgve_KwQ3i48SdccEU4TAK_nzgwNEebNNEq-aySNyomvItb8/s320/Ace%20Horsey%20in%20dark%20room.jpg" width="252" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">George “Ace” Horsey Jr. (1926-1990) was born in Salisbury, Maryland one of the seven children of Danie and George Horsey Sr. He was
always interested in photography. While serving in the United States Army Air
Corps in World War II, he got an opportunity to take a training course on the
subject. In 1950, Horsey, his wife Mary, and their young family moved to Elmira
so he could take a job at the General Electric (G.E.) Foundry as the plant
photographer. He took pictures for advertising purposes and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">G.E. News</i>, the company newspaper. In
1956, he was elected sergeant-at-arms in the plant’s Electrical Workers Union
and served on the labor contract negotiation team at one point. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf-d1QR9NDKHQy2bW_2l09W1JRWXg5sOYqLJIdg-tg-2UoyvKxqgNp0hGYpnjhnIuu0PHf2t7Zrbg1kZWNURaJgGj4FvckNDURMa90J_5zVYG9FyTSGtSgwyqr7JRUqV7Cgw_Isdikm5x2KDW00W_yOToRKH1p4FbHufpCG9teeSxASxVaHjCO0L6uiUmn/s2248/Elmira%20Foundries%20News,%20Jan%2015,%201954.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2248" data-original-width="1788" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf-d1QR9NDKHQy2bW_2l09W1JRWXg5sOYqLJIdg-tg-2UoyvKxqgNp0hGYpnjhnIuu0PHf2t7Zrbg1kZWNURaJgGj4FvckNDURMa90J_5zVYG9FyTSGtSgwyqr7JRUqV7Cgw_Isdikm5x2KDW00W_yOToRKH1p4FbHufpCG9teeSxASxVaHjCO0L6uiUmn/s320/Elmira%20Foundries%20News,%20Jan%2015,%201954.jpg" width="255" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <i>G.E. News</i>, January 15, 1954<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Outside of work, Horsey was a member of the Douglas A.M.E.
Zion Church where he frequently took pictures of members and events. Quite a
number of his photographs ended up in the local newspaper throughout the 1950s.
In 1956, he began volunteering at the Neighborhood House where he served as the
instructor for the Camera Club. He took kids on photo shoots to area parks,
taught them how to develop film, and served as judge during their annual
photography show. He eventually became involved on the Neighborhood House board
of trustees, serving as treasurer for a time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNfGfUUw9EGA0RzWb4fnXv6cYzan1T3D6sDzGX7SuQzL5eSlPalM8J9bCt2tUjtmz9xNZ360Gm_I9ucUxjR8LrwThpC1LYeoTk0E_MtsmbYFfnF3Ke0l9FSlEj2v3mrjkqgR5etn8o29BZe7EnzmWSnqzxCjxQkJEBWT7vWzG0bMUvayscEvGblJE0A4Wr/s2100/Fredrick%20Douglas%20AME%20Zion%20Church%20choir,%20ca.%201960s.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1484" data-original-width="2100" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNfGfUUw9EGA0RzWb4fnXv6cYzan1T3D6sDzGX7SuQzL5eSlPalM8J9bCt2tUjtmz9xNZ360Gm_I9ucUxjR8LrwThpC1LYeoTk0E_MtsmbYFfnF3Ke0l9FSlEj2v3mrjkqgR5etn8o29BZe7EnzmWSnqzxCjxQkJEBWT7vWzG0bMUvayscEvGblJE0A4Wr/s320/Fredrick%20Douglas%20AME%20Zion%20Church%20choir,%20ca.%201960s.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Douglas A.M.E. Zion Church choir, ca. 1960s</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Horsey and his family prospered in Elmira. He and Mary had
four children: Mary, Barbara, Vanessa, and George III. He encouraged his aging
parents and siblings to join him here. Most did. Many of their children still
live in the area today. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-QkhHLv6XFAhQ0VrqIdYb7FU7UhyphenhyphenoNVjKVuLHMaI7xdNV0YK2oBQmuTASDuG3VQrqCArj3Z4zVa3ON2LWWV9QtvN_ZERTpV3vgnb_9cxFYwAVtg8AGyYk0HXfRYj7PIp3C2oCwMG9JZvL8l27_A1sRpNX4C82vZUAUbYR0UG-20AOr9a-WOsFTRZFAsD/s2992/Geo.%20Jr.,%20Epluribus,%20Richard,%20Louise,%20Danie,%20Geo.%20Sr.,%20Geneva.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2412" data-original-width="2992" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-QkhHLv6XFAhQ0VrqIdYb7FU7UhyphenhyphenoNVjKVuLHMaI7xdNV0YK2oBQmuTASDuG3VQrqCArj3Z4zVa3ON2LWWV9QtvN_ZERTpV3vgnb_9cxFYwAVtg8AGyYk0HXfRYj7PIp3C2oCwMG9JZvL8l27_A1sRpNX4C82vZUAUbYR0UG-20AOr9a-WOsFTRZFAsD/s320/Geo.%20Jr.,%20Epluribus,%20Richard,%20Louise,%20Danie,%20Geo.%20Sr.,%20Geneva.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Danie & George Horsey Sr. with children George Jr., Epluribus, Louise, Richard & Geneva, ca. 1950s<br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDeIE7xX2v9QulsliWN3wouOZ9C4VC42Gc9QH4012PIaGcEFhv4G5UpqOrO_txBeOwJLxiDw_j04Ms16BYn3XjNNJYyd-_wwP30heF4Z8xesI6Q-jrtHG_a1vm7MY1AinvhBcqEg0nWCxS5nIIm9-MQyY_Y3hbFW342A7ugk7vuQjZlVh2lu6lul4exyGO/s6887/Great%20Migration%20kids,%20ca.%201950s%20(600%20dpi).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5039" data-original-width="6887" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDeIE7xX2v9QulsliWN3wouOZ9C4VC42Gc9QH4012PIaGcEFhv4G5UpqOrO_txBeOwJLxiDw_j04Ms16BYn3XjNNJYyd-_wwP30heF4Z8xesI6Q-jrtHG_a1vm7MY1AinvhBcqEg0nWCxS5nIIm9-MQyY_Y3hbFW342A7ugk7vuQjZlVh2lu6lul4exyGO/s320/Great%20Migration%20kids,%20ca.%201950s%20(600%20dpi).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Horsey children Mary, George III, Barbara & Vanessa, ca. 1950s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF37g1adeGmr107mk6HSzGpRWqLJdMizfCymM5DUGlgRZr-1THSjDoxH9rtN1s9wqBNQdqDfXZ22NjnjnK8PWpevuyH_oRsgiPq3ePH6Ss8RJw7hLbv7Lp8OO0XddiM2DgZvxSyy4hR0rkLdTga1cDZiQqHuF827GflTCQxhSnVGXU3o2VsR55RzaRneob/s2992/Maryanne,%20Barbara,%20Venessa%20&%20George%203rd%20Horsey,%20ca.%201980s.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2408" data-original-width="2992" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF37g1adeGmr107mk6HSzGpRWqLJdMizfCymM5DUGlgRZr-1THSjDoxH9rtN1s9wqBNQdqDfXZ22NjnjnK8PWpevuyH_oRsgiPq3ePH6Ss8RJw7hLbv7Lp8OO0XddiM2DgZvxSyy4hR0rkLdTga1cDZiQqHuF827GflTCQxhSnVGXU3o2VsR55RzaRneob/s320/Maryanne,%20Barbara,%20Venessa%20&%20George%203rd%20Horsey,%20ca.%201980s.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Horsey children Mary, George III, Barbara & Vanessa, ca.1980</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1958, Horsey opened Ace Photo Studio, Elmira's first Black-owned photography studio. It was originally
located at 665 Lake Street, although the studio had a number of homes over the
years. Horsey specialized in portraits, weddings, and commercial photographs.
He was very interested in historic photography and also offered a service where
he would make new copies of customers’ old family photos. Horsey retired and
closed his studio in 1984. He died on May 29, 1990, leaving behind his family
and a wealth of images documenting over 40 years of Elmira’s history.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2xIhj86ToiA173l5pqEV-08RdG4KMiYLafsfU2VeIdQIUcwWzJV-czDMLV4njMrrOBaCoGOt6zp4vdIbu3PgyHqokMY_iZ8xqT9sWvY6CyLXSJEFC8mjvxMEjwywrVNW9z7GV6lkagZT0sm8jkRh-iJVtGEHWlYoq3Ll-IrNNwpqFwirrl7ZXDpGYaYA/s1479/Ace%20Photo%20Studio.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1479" data-original-width="1208" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu2xIhj86ToiA173l5pqEV-08RdG4KMiYLafsfU2VeIdQIUcwWzJV-czDMLV4njMrrOBaCoGOt6zp4vdIbu3PgyHqokMY_iZ8xqT9sWvY6CyLXSJEFC8mjvxMEjwywrVNW9z7GV6lkagZT0sm8jkRh-iJVtGEHWlYoq3Ll-IrNNwpqFwirrl7ZXDpGYaYA/s320/Ace%20Photo%20Studio.jpg" width="261" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ace Photo Studio, ca. 1970s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The negatives from Ace Photo Studio are held by his family. One of his nieces generously allowed me to scan some for this blog. The truth
is, there are so many fascinating people and stories in Chemung County and we here
at the Historical Society barely know a tenth of them. It is only through the
efforts and generosity of the community that we are able to learn about and
share them. Thank you, Horsey family, for sharing your story. Thank you to the
next person who shares theirs too. </span></p>
Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-69704414566689869522024-02-12T04:00:00.000-08:002024-02-12T04:00:00.126-08:00100 Years of History<p><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">By Erin Doane, Senior Curator</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">On November 7, 1923, the Elmira chapter of the Sons
of the American Revolution held a meeting. At that meeting, the organization’s
president Dr. Arthur W. Booth proposed the creation of a historical society to
preserve historic objects, documents, and stories. The first official meeting
of the Chemung County Historical Society took place two weeks later with 75
people in attendance. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Historical Society’s first home was in two
rooms on the upper floor of the Steele Memorial Library on the corner of Lake
and Church Streets (now the Chemung County Chamber of Commerce). The rooms
quickly filled with donations from the community. Members of the society
presented talks about local history and created displays of historic objects in
the library for the public to enjoy.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9d4phdMhShE6K8dsBjC12kmdRMWr__3NC4ilxWHkSh_nfoXao7lTJMoQT3tVbsNQsExR6Bhj5dHcCRvpfUsiFJoCBbnCJje6zA9K20VlCGNpsiOURnL0HzyiOa6IspyhCuYtelSIwT_4oeI297Xem96eaj5rWQSXTWejXuY9TopmzwmkiIDGfkV54c8K2/s3023/1947,%20April%204%20-%20197303700017-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3023" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9d4phdMhShE6K8dsBjC12kmdRMWr__3NC4ilxWHkSh_nfoXao7lTJMoQT3tVbsNQsExR6Bhj5dHcCRvpfUsiFJoCBbnCJje6zA9K20VlCGNpsiOURnL0HzyiOa6IspyhCuYtelSIwT_4oeI297Xem96eaj5rWQSXTWejXuY9TopmzwmkiIDGfkV54c8K2/w400-h265/1947,%20April%204%20-%20197303700017-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chemung County Historian Clark Wilcox stands in one of the<br />Historical Society’s rooms in the Steele Memorial Library, 1947</td></tr></tbody></table></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Historical Society received its charter from
New York State in 1947. Shortly after, they began searching for a stand-alone
building to house the collections and provide more space for displays. In 1953,
the Historical Society moved into 425 East Market Street and Frances Brayton
was appointed as its first professional curator. </span>
</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Gxfgb5ewWbcljJ0wH9bhDW4N1mhis73EwW1OFlZ9-KRZgcUuiLuTMGBdpfco-qnDX72S-EhH9VBQfPcvchr-kCuuwyO1AZdY_O8_jzWrMjB2Ds3eDlMzHXuw2vEb8NHRZYb1PunIbswSQIEnQhXYnyF4EJuSROJ6DCEYlL4e9xBcn878S5qMdJF9cLqn/s4032/1950s%20East%20Market.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Gxfgb5ewWbcljJ0wH9bhDW4N1mhis73EwW1OFlZ9-KRZgcUuiLuTMGBdpfco-qnDX72S-EhH9VBQfPcvchr-kCuuwyO1AZdY_O8_jzWrMjB2Ds3eDlMzHXuw2vEb8NHRZYb1PunIbswSQIEnQhXYnyF4EJuSROJ6DCEYlL4e9xBcn878S5qMdJF9cLqn/w400-h300/1950s%20East%20Market.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chemung County Historical Center on Market Street, 1950s</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It was around this time that Historical Society also
began searching for the mammoth tusk that had been found by Judge Caleb Baker
along the Chemung River in 1778. (<a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2021/08/our-mammoth-tusk.html" target="_blank">Read all about that tusk and the Historical Society’s search for it here</a>)
While they were not able to find the original, they were able to get a similar
mammoth tusk from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZu24plq9kVsSuH-46MbqLIJKCxGqbG1pe3CtCCLemV-jZXySgEPlumc_3xZX_lJtBf8SesxHcyxSTHAjolF_dIzcKKZ8k8j0vQsGLKe4zqZaMdXmAjmmmZ9ZqgFYLpiQdZzHG3SX66yOUX9XIsi-d8zmSfcMz9zR9hAJ9ikSv2MAa8H0XldG2LNZEN16D/s3746/1952,%20Nov.%2021%20-%2073.326.19.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2991" data-original-width="3746" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZu24plq9kVsSuH-46MbqLIJKCxGqbG1pe3CtCCLemV-jZXySgEPlumc_3xZX_lJtBf8SesxHcyxSTHAjolF_dIzcKKZ8k8j0vQsGLKe4zqZaMdXmAjmmmZ9ZqgFYLpiQdZzHG3SX66yOUX9XIsi-d8zmSfcMz9zR9hAJ9ikSv2MAa8H0XldG2LNZEN16D/w400-h320/1952,%20Nov.%2021%20-%2073.326.19.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mammoth tusk on display at the Historical Society, 1950s</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> The Historical Society relocated again in 1965 to
304 William Street. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHM8BG17sAN8_QHQ6-Y98n6bQ04kClRhb9CJhHrsX2PnZ5ZrHeLUSU9vdwqrp4K2lfcv2aRy-iuh_AuOHS4w4xnq2WsbVwnwvlhh39c8Q_P50iEQlqh5v1ZHC_Cp8ZMDuq7oMOrA4IcbFufPzvs-xrCYjoLCp6Fq7Ulj5p5zWb2dCgsK1r4e2KxZGani3/s4032/1976%20Williams%20St.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2961" data-original-width="4032" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHM8BG17sAN8_QHQ6-Y98n6bQ04kClRhb9CJhHrsX2PnZ5ZrHeLUSU9vdwqrp4K2lfcv2aRy-iuh_AuOHS4w4xnq2WsbVwnwvlhh39c8Q_P50iEQlqh5v1ZHC_Cp8ZMDuq7oMOrA4IcbFufPzvs-xrCYjoLCp6Fq7Ulj5p5zWb2dCgsK1r4e2KxZGani3/w400-h294/1976%20Williams%20St.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chemung County Historical Center on William Street, 1976</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The mammoth tusk and all the other historic
objects, documents, and photographs that had been donated over the previous 40+
years were moved into their new home. Many of the objects were used in new
exhibits focused on topics we still explore in the museum today - life here in
the 1800s, the Civil War, local organizations and schools, and, of course, Mark
Twain. Materials that didn’t go on display went into storage. Unfortunately, one
of the main storage spaces in the building was the basement, which proved
disastrous during the 1972 Flood. (<a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2012/06/voice-from-past.html" target="_blank">click here to read how the Historical Society reacted to the flooding</a>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVajHEZDHZJRzPenKLYhja3l4z6ubNuuYSXVYjx5iS1cQYjClGmASRC5ZCB6dlaf-VCmkrQIroKTBl_6fNWgsiXGMxIJYnKnVuKULhh8KvQuwqEJXlafNrSPiLTzjNEF6fcADLzA8CH2clH8aEke9D4wOUa3wIb9BpOzp7s4tcvo-runqz57v-0DoTNBTT/s3557/1976.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2511" data-original-width="3557" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVajHEZDHZJRzPenKLYhja3l4z6ubNuuYSXVYjx5iS1cQYjClGmASRC5ZCB6dlaf-VCmkrQIroKTBl_6fNWgsiXGMxIJYnKnVuKULhh8KvQuwqEJXlafNrSPiLTzjNEF6fcADLzA8CH2clH8aEke9D4wOUa3wIb9BpOzp7s4tcvo-runqz57v-0DoTNBTT/w400-h283/1976.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The mammoth tusk on display on William Street, 1976</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Chemung County Historical Society moved one
more time to its current location at 415 E. Water Street. The building was
originally home to the Chemung Canal Bank starting in 1833. After the bank moved
into new headquarters, the building housed law offices and apartments. It
underwent major renovations in the late 1970s and opened to the public as the
Chemung County Historical Society in 1982. In 1986, the Historical Society
received accreditation from the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). It was
reaccredited most recently in 2021. Less than 5% of museum in the United States
are accredited by the AAM. In 1992, further renovations to the building took
place. An addition that includes the Howell Gallery, the Frances Brayton Education
Room, and the Barn Gallery, as well as a new entranceway, was added to the main
building.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHNjCAbZhUC2tAR4tl2Cqw4uXqTku_R7s618ySr5lAccBZN852NW2Bi7aGtVNA_l1CAuE67Fm34bpc-N9Zi9LsS1PcS9t3TwqRWUlKwPj5nPYKYP7Ox55YAsX4F8l0XSxDBAIfTEy2N_rHhAl2vcjhhgl9mYj8AQphwFRF8fT2uqypzHa9xr0z0Peb2NoN/s3988/1970s%20-%20late%20-%20water%20st.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2928" data-original-width="3988" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHNjCAbZhUC2tAR4tl2Cqw4uXqTku_R7s618ySr5lAccBZN852NW2Bi7aGtVNA_l1CAuE67Fm34bpc-N9Zi9LsS1PcS9t3TwqRWUlKwPj5nPYKYP7Ox55YAsX4F8l0XSxDBAIfTEy2N_rHhAl2vcjhhgl9mYj8AQphwFRF8fT2uqypzHa9xr0z0Peb2NoN/w400-h294/1970s%20-%20late%20-%20water%20st.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">415 E. Water Street, late 1970s</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Chemung County Historical Society currently operates
the Chemung Valley History Museum and the Booth Research Library. Our mission is
to deepen our understanding of history and to provide an appreciation of our
community’s place in state and national history. We’ve done this over the last
100 years by collecting, preserving, interpreting, and presenting the history
of our community and we plan to continue this mission for the next 100 years. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">And, yes, the mammoth tusk is still on display.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBIwzIaUejHRpPfa-brYNT2pPS5-kD5mkOtD-JS3sOXZZTG7nKxJXaFdaFfm0VZa4EZDWXPOF0MV0gwy_l1uorFd5_Dnjoyn-9u27W5j4HAnuq3zoeyDpuU2mdbE0zd5NN_0W8Z_Rg_CDM2XDRx2-7zqyE3m39YNGBqInr4Ja_HawQXGpDrQk2JMRSbFvG/s3407/2014%20In%20the%20Valley%20of%20the%20Big%20Horn-2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2726" data-original-width="3407" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBIwzIaUejHRpPfa-brYNT2pPS5-kD5mkOtD-JS3sOXZZTG7nKxJXaFdaFfm0VZa4EZDWXPOF0MV0gwy_l1uorFd5_Dnjoyn-9u27W5j4HAnuq3zoeyDpuU2mdbE0zd5NN_0W8Z_Rg_CDM2XDRx2-7zqyE3m39YNGBqInr4Ja_HawQXGpDrQk2JMRSbFvG/w400-h320/2014%20In%20the%20Valley%20of%20the%20Big%20Horn-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The mammoth tusk at E. Water Street, 2014</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><p></p>
<br />Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-26832867751599791622024-01-29T04:00:00.000-08:002024-01-29T04:00:00.147-08:00The Great Move<p> by Phoenix Andrews, Curatorial Assistant</p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">How do you move over 500
objects? 12 weeks ago, I joined CCHS to work on a project we nicknamed “The
Great Move." The project, the relocation of items from an offsite
collections facility, has involved time, access, and information. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p 14pt="" class="MsoNormal" font-family:="" font-size:="" imes="" new="" quot="" roman="" serif="" style="line-height-alt: 13.8pt;">The first visit to the
collections facility was a bit overwhelming. Seeing the physical objects in
person was a very different experience than just reading a list of them. My
role was to help determine which items would go where. It would take multiple
trips to the facility, each carefully arranged ahead of time. While some trips
allowed us to pack up small objects and bring them back to the museum, other
trips resulted in setting items aside to be relocated later that would need a
moving truck.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.8pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjii0IrtYemshvS2SyMo27q_vOvNiFLWLelT5E3cGd82S8y-Y7sJ60OdjYq15LDdZdYz9ucHSmnliIDJ8ycH-pLEu0VftXeBweyqvKQaJEdAv6q65o85OFVVGj-zLVoYypfh18K8-OrbDspy_BYFBaRtd13GoRReAwmD1LVpZChDYIYo6FcjnehqsS-HwPz/s495/Naglee%20objects.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="495" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjii0IrtYemshvS2SyMo27q_vOvNiFLWLelT5E3cGd82S8y-Y7sJ60OdjYq15LDdZdYz9ucHSmnliIDJ8ycH-pLEu0VftXeBweyqvKQaJEdAv6q65o85OFVVGj-zLVoYypfh18K8-OrbDspy_BYFBaRtd13GoRReAwmD1LVpZChDYIYo6FcjnehqsS-HwPz/s320/Naglee%20objects.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First glance at off-site storage</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">When determining whether
an object should be kept here at the museum or can be moved off-site there are
various factors to consider, but they can be simplified into a few categories,
like material, condition, and amount.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">There are two big
questions to consider when it comes to evaluating object material. First, is
the object fragile and/or likely to deteriorate? Second, does the object contain
hazardous materials? If an object is fragile or likely to deteriorate, such as
fabrics, unprotected wood, and rusting metals, it means they are more sensitive
to deterioration. They require close observation to make sure they are in the
exact climates needed to preserve them. In that same vein, if an object is made
of a hazardous material such as mercury, lead, or arsenic, it is important that
it is in an environment that doesn’t cause any adverse reactions or cause any
deterioration.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Not all objects the
museum receives are in good or original condition. Conditions determine whether
the object needs frequent monitoring, something that staying in the museum can
offer. Any objects affected by erosion or with broken or missing pieces are
going to be more susceptible to further damage. Some objects have what is
called an ‘inherent fault.’ An object in this condition is at heightened risk
of deterioration and can fall into one or more of the following categories:
short-lived materials, structural nature, and history. Short-lived materials
are anything that was not created with long-term stability in mind; Cellulose
acetate film is a good example of this. If cellulose acetate film starts to
deteriorate it releases acetic acid, which not only accelerates its own deterioration
but also can start deterioration in surrounding film and metals. Structural
nature refers to objects that were either poorly constructed or objects that
have conflicting materials that may adversely affect each other. An example of
this would be a piece of furniture that has leather touching a metal component.
The leather has the potential to cause and accelerate erosion to the metal.
History of an object, refers to how it was used or how it was stored before
coming into our collection. This can include things such as a wooden bowl that
was used to store oils and is now saturated, or an object that had been stored
in someone's basement. Inherent fault is certainly one of the largest factors
we have to take into account, as it is not always easy to determine if an
object has inherent faults. However, the more you work with these objects the
easier it is to recognize potential issues. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">The simplest factor by
far has to be the amount of an object we have. For example, if we only have one
of an object, we are more likely to keep it at the museum due to its uniqueness
in our collection. On the other hand, if there are numerous duplicates of an
object, like hammers, we consider relocating offsite or possibly deaccessioning
some objects. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">With this information in
mind, I got to work digging through our database and started making a list of
potential objects to relocate. When I started, I was doing very specific
searches. I was looking at things I already knew we had multiples of or would
have no issue being off-site. The further I got into the project the more broad
I opened my search terms to eventually just skimming through the different
categories we can classify our objects into. In the end, I had gathered nearly
900 objects that could be relocated offsite.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A side project that
blossomed from the first part of this project was the creation of an exhibit at
the museum. Named after the project “The Great Move” it shows off a few of my
favorite objects that we discovered and is an example of the variety of objects
in the museum’s collection. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIktV6iC3YE7TNYmqor6lyZX2xJhp3q2DZIZ-VqbsTsvGAzuFC8q-JHirXC8Zw2adgBUZbt4vJKMvyd_yuQaGW-vq6SZm8PIOq7pm5Px98hyra2T0vKlk1pwcYoPbRWkg5UAraKtw2EbgDSCWSp3OfQvokh0kfzbBr4i5xVpVCCxs_PM57ewfD-DLCmkl/s4032/TGM%20Items.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIktV6iC3YE7TNYmqor6lyZX2xJhp3q2DZIZ-VqbsTsvGAzuFC8q-JHirXC8Zw2adgBUZbt4vJKMvyd_yuQaGW-vq6SZm8PIOq7pm5Px98hyra2T0vKlk1pwcYoPbRWkg5UAraKtw2EbgDSCWSp3OfQvokh0kfzbBr4i5xVpVCCxs_PM57ewfD-DLCmkl/s320/TGM%20Items.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Objects in the Great Move exhibit</td></tr></tbody></table><br />During this project, I
learned a lot about the inner workings of museum collections and how, even with
standard practices in place about recording information regarding our
collections, each person who works within it will add their own unique twist on
it. In viewing the collection’s entire non-textile objects in our database at
least twice, I’ve been able to see the notes of those who were here before me.
I could see what they determined as important information and the different
ways notes on objects at CCHS have been entered. One of my favorite aspects of
history is to be able to feel connected to others through their own writing.
Doing this project I feel like I have gotten to know many of those who work in
the collections before me. <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">In the coming days my
project will be reaching its end. The final objects will be moved, and with
that, my time here will be coming to a close.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5douBDwbDiQRoBOyhXfZ7HlenMKjiQVnYKwC3sCmLQ2EMmPXeTLpwebxeP4ecXPG3Sp37Qx_HDzNFFgl9CtL1i6XysN8xx_LQTUc1XAbIRb8EC5aDaMgzY-7kKcJNPEO6HKEmB7JoXCGPoAVAkxFDLsdcWLBeAlXujLhPl8E-Y8DgaIKmPHdHvMRSLyAi/s2545/Me%20With%20Stuff.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2545" data-original-width="1529" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5douBDwbDiQRoBOyhXfZ7HlenMKjiQVnYKwC3sCmLQ2EMmPXeTLpwebxeP4ecXPG3Sp37Qx_HDzNFFgl9CtL1i6XysN8xx_LQTUc1XAbIRb8EC5aDaMgzY-7kKcJNPEO6HKEmB7JoXCGPoAVAkxFDLsdcWLBeAlXujLhPl8E-Y8DgaIKmPHdHvMRSLyAi/s320/Me%20With%20Stuff.jpg" width="192" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phoenix at work</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">In the summer of 2022 I
had the amazing opportunity to intern here at the Chemung County Historical
Society and to have been asked back to lead this project is something I will
always be grateful for. In both instances of my time here, the staff here took
me under their wing and I have grown as a person because of it. I will never be
able to fully express my gratitude to everyone I have worked with during my
time here. I cannot wait to see what comes next.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-7892110556654151282024-01-15T05:30:00.000-08:002024-01-15T05:30:00.151-08:00A Tale of Two Brothers: Catch Him if you Can<p>by Susan Zehnder, Education Director</p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is a story about two brothers who made a name for
themselves. One became a well-regarded member of the local community, while the
other went on to make national headlines for fraud, larceny, and deception.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">J. Bernard and J. Francis Toomey were born three years apart
and grew up in Elmira around the turn of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Their
parents were Margaret and John Toomey and their father worked as a trainman for
the railroad. The family lived at East Fifth Street in Elmira. In 1906, another
brother, J. Florence, was born. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju7sk4lL3H_nn7LNk5tGo2EFZHpw0c1H4tvB_GplpMKAkv4TGp9aT_EdvCmLgFxCEgTpEF7KrzHfn10NJzWB8PtWMmsglyx-gTkY98oPjpXelzECyoHYdC87qzTPAcqFzvjZvXJngHMR9acSROVjvNpTdEdBrOnmGXhoOVJhuHGVwq_fOvm0YwW5zoDefh/s4032/BTYearbook1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="4032" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju7sk4lL3H_nn7LNk5tGo2EFZHpw0c1H4tvB_GplpMKAkv4TGp9aT_EdvCmLgFxCEgTpEF7KrzHfn10NJzWB8PtWMmsglyx-gTkY98oPjpXelzECyoHYdC87qzTPAcqFzvjZvXJngHMR9acSROVjvNpTdEdBrOnmGXhoOVJhuHGVwq_fOvm0YwW5zoDefh/s320/BTYearbook1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />The oldest son, Bernard, was full of ambition. When he
graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1915 his senior yearbook declared him to
be one of the school’s most popular boys. In addition to his studies, he
participated in class entertainments also known as school productions; <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqe0wzdXo2KgLajI7bHeA_iGsJLAtJV-ig2Ey33zudZIcdln9O1bajSPoQgXvkIEW7insM-8Mi_EH-P2aLcCkorcMaj-GmC2Z_l1ICV5Jo3tuemPmRyg7fCIljn2Gk1NtTYqhLi1MT9zV1eHd6ERF_etkd1f6hCFXLupKzFjvcErpaQQG-NLaqW-WfAYmF/s915/TeamYearbook.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="915" data-original-width="413" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqe0wzdXo2KgLajI7bHeA_iGsJLAtJV-ig2Ey33zudZIcdln9O1bajSPoQgXvkIEW7insM-8Mi_EH-P2aLcCkorcMaj-GmC2Z_l1ICV5Jo3tuemPmRyg7fCIljn2Gk1NtTYqhLi1MT9zV1eHd6ERF_etkd1f6hCFXLupKzFjvcErpaQQG-NLaqW-WfAYmF/s320/TeamYearbook.jpg" width="144" /></a></div><br />managed the
baseball team for three years; and dated many girls one of whom was Marjorie Shaffer. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjYxG0kCsmbJrndEHwZ8oh47YTPABTcO_azOG54jBSeeESxkjQduE-0vzZy2i1EXqfCiZLfNGBhmPmUeSgLCDGnjhIaz_6UumoVxEYGkiL5e26LTIdK_dEWgmByPLYF5NXMWlUimIdRSqs0pK_dIkAyndY3dDu9cNOVV5T6d0Ct4mEJeq4k4HagOpX9ba5/s718/MShaffer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="718" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjYxG0kCsmbJrndEHwZ8oh47YTPABTcO_azOG54jBSeeESxkjQduE-0vzZy2i1EXqfCiZLfNGBhmPmUeSgLCDGnjhIaz_6UumoVxEYGkiL5e26LTIdK_dEWgmByPLYF5NXMWlUimIdRSqs0pK_dIkAyndY3dDu9cNOVV5T6d0Ct4mEJeq4k4HagOpX9ba5/s320/MShaffer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Bernard attended the University of Buffalo to study dentistry.
It was World War I and when the United States joined the war effort, he
enlisted in the U.S. Navy. After the war, he returned to Elmira and opened his
own dental practice at 243 Lake Street. A year later, Bernard married Marjorie
Shaffer and the couple had a daughter, Judith.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">For the next 38 years, Bernard was an active member of the
community. He was president of the City Club, founding member of the Elmira
Area University of Buffalo Alumni Association, a member of the Chemung County
Dental Society and of the Torch Club, and director of the Chemung Valley
Savings and Loan Association. Bernard promoted conservation through his work
with Fur, Fin, and Feathers, Inc. He belonged to the Elmira Elks Lodge, the
Harry B. Bentley Post of the American Legion. He was also an active congregant of
Our Lady of Lourdes Church. In addition to his private dental practice, he was
a dental consultant for the County Welfare Department.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1959, when he was 64, Bernard suffered an acute heart
attack and died. Newspaper obituaries listed among the survivors his mother, his
wife, his daughter, and only one brother, Florence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Why wasn’t his middle brother mentioned? Apparently, Francis had
been leading a very different life. The earliest mentions of him in local newspapers
are positive, citing various elementary school achievements, like good
attendance, or moving on to next grade. A few years later, his name appears as a
participant in a public discussion “The Social Club as an Agency of Moral
Uplift.” But soon after, Francis’s name started showing up in less flattering
ways. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Apparently one evening, he and a couple of buddies broke into George
Ells’ Machine and Bicycle Repair Shop on Lake Street, not far from where he
lived. The boys ransacked the shop and took a number of electric flashlights,
cigar packet lighters and other small items. Their identity must have been
known --a year later, the police revealed their names when Francis was caught
for another crime. This time he and a buddy had broken into Dr. F.B. Greene’s
garage. After rifling through the garage, they stole a motorcar and went on a
joyride. When it got stuck on West Church Street, they abandoned it, leaving $50
worth of damage--over $1,500 in today’s dollars. The boys were told to make
amends. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">That same year, 1912, Francis disappeared for three months. He
had been involved in an accidental shooting and feared being arrested. According
to the paper, the victim, only identified as an Armenian, “was not seriously
hurt.” Regardless, Francis made his way to New York City and took a job with
the railroad. He was injured on the job and in order to receive full pay, he
was required to get his parents’ signature. Instead he listed J.P. Sullivan in
Elmira as his guardian and misaddressed the envelope hoping it would never be
delivered. A postal worker caught the “mistake” and the letter made its way to
his folks. His father went and collected him.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">A year later, he was working at Sullivan’s furniture store on
East Water Street in Elmira, when a suspicious fire broke out. The fire was
contained on the third floor of the Grand Theater Block and a larger crisis was
averted. Damage to the building was estimated to be $15,000. While he was questioned,
Francis was never charged.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1917, his name showed up more dramatically. Trying to
follow in his brother’s footsteps and join the war effort, Francis headed to Fort
Niagara Training School to enlist. He was denied because he was underage. Undaunted,
he returned to Elmira wearing a military uniform and was greeted like a hero. But
when people start to question details of his enlistment, he took off for Cleveland.
For a while he passed as a lieutenant and was treated well. He was wined and
dined and made himself popular with the ladies. He also cashed fraudulent
checks. Again, before he was discovered, he left for Chicago and repeated his impersonation.
This time it didn’t end well. When he was caught, nineteen-year-old Francis received
a sentence of two-years and eleven months to be served at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas. This was eventually reduced to 13 months when a judge felt the sentence
was too harsh.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jl_7EKRQXfN7j8j7OBUdOrIAVUyyth9eEewQB6mdtkeERgCul7py8mwL1pzgqsUHk_HazATJQmHYIpT4g6uG8cdv6QfTurrRn1l6kdgTVIswqdqOIVF2XYssv2W_24c-NzvKMAUrY1m2Wg9Q5zAvAKB0TS22MWevCgqaybSTSH0L1G2fWjCVjqXYu9NJ/s1692/Headline1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1692" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jl_7EKRQXfN7j8j7OBUdOrIAVUyyth9eEewQB6mdtkeERgCul7py8mwL1pzgqsUHk_HazATJQmHYIpT4g6uG8cdv6QfTurrRn1l6kdgTVIswqdqOIVF2XYssv2W_24c-NzvKMAUrY1m2Wg9Q5zAvAKB0TS22MWevCgqaybSTSH0L1G2fWjCVjqXYu9NJ/s320/Headline1.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">A few years later, he was connected to larcenies committed in Princeton,
New Haven, and New York City. Then in 1923, Francis tried to pass himself off
as the son of E. M. Statler, a man who had made millions in the hotel business.
For a while he was living in luxury until once again he was caught this time in
Boston. When arrested, he was wearing a tuxedo, and pennants from various
colleges were found in his room. He was fined $25 and sentenced to a year. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNNYuzvJ4CoRz5Q3OLXsGSFYwB7l_P4nm_qWlXcSXAMqry3vrHfneStfhljWsT0M5wt-xOVjo6HyZEPDiI64Rk2HImXljzz_304ORd8R5HZrYw_tNTxgQawpVmlDecW7tu1S5Ttk4k8b3IB7HXZe8DdxVS4MCr1QRnNpIeBCXD_ZKtUAZ8PxdGK-jQ0I3y/s1622/Headline2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="965" data-original-width="1622" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNNYuzvJ4CoRz5Q3OLXsGSFYwB7l_P4nm_qWlXcSXAMqry3vrHfneStfhljWsT0M5wt-xOVjo6HyZEPDiI64Rk2HImXljzz_304ORd8R5HZrYw_tNTxgQawpVmlDecW7tu1S5Ttk4k8b3IB7HXZe8DdxVS4MCr1QRnNpIeBCXD_ZKtUAZ8PxdGK-jQ0I3y/s320/Headline2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1935, he was arrested when he tried to enroll in graduate
school at the University of Tennessee using a bad check. Things quickly
unraveled for him. Authorities discovered he had not received a degree from
Tulane University, as he claimed. He admitted to using various aliases
including Archie G. Glenn, Justin F. Toomey, Floyd Stranhan, Richard Forgan,
Francis Sullivan, Jack Allen, Millard Jones, and F. J. Sullivan. He also
admitted to committing felonies in California, Pennsylvania, and Georgia and to
having spent time in jail in each of these states including San Quentin. He was
sent off to prison again. He was thirty-two.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPn_w3_4jgPuegoGKzh8JTYUbC0tbMV8F9EfB5WiuQissR8AozwBUiUVqRwPaKVvuZR_i1VOQMntqN532rjbJl0CRGhS39KWrCSpeht3yA89YOb91SpccZEWvYu3KONn1sAAkSjcne9nT4BEIpYOpBd4rG8EUt3f-cAqFxcaMl79bhs5PmCLifXRkmLFGb/s695/Mugshot.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="695" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPn_w3_4jgPuegoGKzh8JTYUbC0tbMV8F9EfB5WiuQissR8AozwBUiUVqRwPaKVvuZR_i1VOQMntqN532rjbJl0CRGhS39KWrCSpeht3yA89YOb91SpccZEWvYu3KONn1sAAkSjcne9nT4BEIpYOpBd4rG8EUt3f-cAqFxcaMl79bhs5PmCLifXRkmLFGb/s320/Mugshot.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">J. Francis Toomey Photo courtesy of National Archives of Kansas City</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Little is known of his whereabouts between 1935 and 1960. In 1960, the newspaper published a notice in the newspaper that he had violated parole and was being held without
bail, but no indication of what parole he had violated. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Francis outlived his younger and older brothers by more than a
decade. On November 15, 1970, the Star-Gazette printed a death notice for him.
He had died in New York City four days earlier. A High Mass was held for him at
St. Cecelia’s and he was buried at St. Peter and Paul’s Cemetery. No survivors
were listed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-46714394401779817852023-12-27T10:26:00.000-08:002023-12-27T10:26:04.949-08:002023: A Year in Review<p> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin, Archivist</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When people ask me what I do, I tell them I am an archivist.
When they stare at me blankly, I explain that it’s a subspecies of librarian. The
job of a librarian is to collect, catalog, and share the information patrons
need for their education and entertainment. Keeping these goals in mind, let’s
take a look at how well I did this year.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1. Collecting</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Here at the Chemung County Historical Society, we collect
items specifically related to Chemung County history, people, and
organizations. In 2023, we accepted archival material from 93 donors. Some of
these donations were just one or two items. For example, on recent donation
consisted of the 1918 diary of Elmira Free Academy student, J. Lawrence Kolb.
There was another earlier in the year that was just a poster for the Auto
Thrill Show at the Chemung County Fair, circa 1970. Other donations were a bit
larger. George Farr donated his research material for his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lincoln’s Banner Regiment</i> which contains
over 100 items related to the history of the 107<sup>th</sup> New York
Volunteers. A former employee at Sumirail/ABB Traction in the Heights, donated
500+ photographs documenting both companies and their products. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8DzfQeKGRjSgETiuEq-aPR_Ejr3l_FvMguNZhjelEEK1PxvG96fTg56tFlopZe0Ykof-UYHZ3tHIAfngTeLc6KpL5HHrkMdSXztWtfECb_FqnNusCiwgT_8Zw4fXibNuAj26Sn1m84sP0iuenC4GGvT4no8s8g5yi4Az0np4PhTmpDgShMEhHSlotOsb3/s1475/202300730001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1475" data-original-width="1141" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8DzfQeKGRjSgETiuEq-aPR_Ejr3l_FvMguNZhjelEEK1PxvG96fTg56tFlopZe0Ykof-UYHZ3tHIAfngTeLc6KpL5HHrkMdSXztWtfECb_FqnNusCiwgT_8Zw4fXibNuAj26Sn1m84sP0iuenC4GGvT4no8s8g5yi4Az0np4PhTmpDgShMEhHSlotOsb3/s320/202300730001.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Movie poster from 1937 we received earlier this year.</td></tr></tbody></table></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition to donated items, I also collect items related to
things happening around the community. This includes newsletters from the
Elmira City School District, the Foodbank of the Southern Tier, the Friends of
the Chemung County Library District, and Congregation Kol Ami. I also collect
programs from the plays I attend, fliers for various events, and menus from new
restaurants. In this way, I’m able to capture a snapshot of what is happening
now for future generations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I also conduct oral history interviews. This year, I conducted
8 interviews. The topics included Elmira’s LGBTQ+ community; area Polish,
Italian, and Finnish communities; COVID-19; and historic weather events. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGyLrwmwo40XGQlbXkdze6eb8GbZ6P1VTNORHjlh8JPFmOIrI-dzo2ZJQyX06XExa2wSotwv9yLaAAs9GvlyYjaXAzAbZYELlH-fRGJjzrOlh8L3hLFIgFqL-M9sRmCizgov5WUrYTzuYBmCRylHW38ZCk4Yp0jEfv4EWR3CulNQenY2igY8thLlll85Bv/s2048/Oliver%20Lindblad.07.11.2023%20(2).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1360" data-original-width="2048" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGyLrwmwo40XGQlbXkdze6eb8GbZ6P1VTNORHjlh8JPFmOIrI-dzo2ZJQyX06XExa2wSotwv9yLaAAs9GvlyYjaXAzAbZYELlH-fRGJjzrOlh8L3hLFIgFqL-M9sRmCizgov5WUrYTzuYBmCRylHW38ZCk4Yp0jEfv4EWR3CulNQenY2igY8thLlll85Bv/s320/Oliver%20Lindblad.07.11.2023%20(2).JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oliver Lindblad, a 100-year-old man I interviewed in July.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2. Cataloging</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s all very well and good to collect things, but an archivist
must take what my grad school professors called “intellectual control.” In
short, an archivist must figure out what they have, wrestle it into some sort
of order, and then make that order apparent to everyone else. This is known as “cataloging.”
It can be a pretty time consuming process, especially when a single donation
may contain hundreds of items. </span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">To be honest, I’ve been a
little behind on the cataloging this year. I’ve only cataloged about one-third
of our new items. Part of the reason for the delay is that I’ve been working
hard on getting our older finding aids up on EmpireADC (see <a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2023/09/introducing-empireadc.html">this blog post</a> for
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">A
finding aid is an index for an archival collection which provides additional
context about the creator(s) of the collection and the circumstances under
which the collection was created, as well as the collection’s size and
organization.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">We joined EmpireADC this
summer. Since then, I have uploaded 111 old finding aids to the site. Check it
out <a href="https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog?f%5Blevel_sim%5D%5B%5D=Collection&f%5Brepository_sim%5D%5B%5D=Chemung+County+Historical+Society">here</a>. </span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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</p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3. Sharing</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Collecting and cataloging information is all very well and
good, but it is pointless if it isn’t shared. The archives here at the Chemung
County Historical Society are open to the public 1pm to 5pm, Monday through
Friday. Visitors may come in and request to see anything within our collection.
We are also open for researchers to call or write in with questions weekdays
from 9 am to 5pm. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2023, we had 84 in-house researchers. This was down from
pre-pandemic levels, but up from 2022. We also had 210 write-in research
requests. I did not keep track of the number of phone requests, but it was well
over 100. Two people requested and received permission to use our photographs
in their publications. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">In addition to assisting
researchers, I also find other ways to share information with the public. This
blog, for instance is a pretty handy tool. This year, I wrote nine blogs. I
hope you liked them. I was also interviewed by the press half-a-dozen times
about topics ranging from City Hall to Iszard’s to daylight savings time. Earlier
this summer, I teamed up with Maggie Young, the genealogy librarian at the
Steele Memorial Library, to create a master list of genealogical resources at
both our institutions. Next year, we hope to expand it to other places in Chemung
County. You can find it <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/168_T-ef0rf-AiW32aRZxPSVd1WZ94BYGWtn2aqGWdD0/edit ">here</a>.</span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Our older collections include the records of the Thatcher
Glass Manufacturing Company, the records of the Methodist Committee for Overseas
Relief, Chemung County high school yearbooks, and the Black Oral History
Project. This year, I received a grant to digitize and upload the records of
Elmira midwife, Rose Spadaccino. I also began uploading some of our older oral
histories to the site as part of a collection called “Voices of Chemung County.”
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Looking back, I think I accomplished quite a bit. What do you
think? For my next trick, I shall finish cataloging all the items we received in
2023, finish the shelf read, add at least one new finding aid a week to
EmpireADC, upload my recent oral history interviews to New York Heritage, and
have fun doing it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqCfzcy15rFHbpDFADo3kO2AzYMYxGH9p9f-2fIRNJT8Kyl6wx4LWS2Gv6jVOgEq3Sgs3tpq3iJUAmCBTAOYZ4QaDeaiOZ7jlpJy_uZLigG8hJXROJskecJZ19p3sKDpKH1XyA13uo-vJjotdIXxWwJm5OMFXn_ftri483Vai7QLinfniFdtPmrfbWjzOg/s635/R.%20Dworkin%20headshot%202.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="548" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqCfzcy15rFHbpDFADo3kO2AzYMYxGH9p9f-2fIRNJT8Kyl6wx4LWS2Gv6jVOgEq3Sgs3tpq3iJUAmCBTAOYZ4QaDeaiOZ7jlpJy_uZLigG8hJXROJskecJZ19p3sKDpKH1XyA13uo-vJjotdIXxWwJm5OMFXn_ftri483Vai7QLinfniFdtPmrfbWjzOg/s320/R.%20Dworkin%20headshot%202.JPG" width="276" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Me, having fun doing it.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-44047395742243110922023-12-11T04:30:00.000-08:002023-12-11T04:30:00.134-08:00The Victrola<p> by Phoenix Andrews, Curator Assistant</p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A few weeks ago while
looking through some off site collections I came across a beautiful standing
phonograph. With seemingly no visible accession number (that would allow me to
look it up in our database) and a hope that we could put it on display, it was
brought back with us to the museum. With it back in our main facility, it was
time to do some research.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc_hdECP-iqjBFtbyO1-0JAHanuPI9dZv-fLFrYExBGplp6HNvRh9XNgfbBt-v4wI6u_cG5Tw013sR-pVDAxJzBzzMOThNpArA26nPAL0G9ZqYKvjlxu3e3NktANPW1dJKbw5-rcrLfD1OQiIqrrce_75XjMw-yQQ-IAYASRmzt573QMKp7kaNwR3HVzx6/s3042/PA-photo%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3042" data-original-width="2888" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc_hdECP-iqjBFtbyO1-0JAHanuPI9dZv-fLFrYExBGplp6HNvRh9XNgfbBt-v4wI6u_cG5Tw013sR-pVDAxJzBzzMOThNpArA26nPAL0G9ZqYKvjlxu3e3NktANPW1dJKbw5-rcrLfD1OQiIqrrce_75XjMw-yQQ-IAYASRmzt573QMKp7kaNwR3HVzx6/s320/PA-photo%202.jpg" width="304" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Starting off, this seemed
like it would overall be a simple project. Having more time to look it over, I
was able to discover that it still had the data plate containing its model and
serial number, as well as its lid decal and patent sticker. I was swimming in
information. The phonograph was made by The Victor Talking Company, It was a
Victrola the Sixteenth or also known as VV-XVI. I was lucky in this aspect,
there is a wealth of information out there about Victor phonographs. With it, I
was able to figure out that our specific model was the fifth iteration in its
design and was manufactured in 1910. This is however where my luck started to
run out.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">I noticed that none of the
other phonographs I was finding pictures of had a piece that ours did. It
seemed ours had a second tonearm that was quite different from the original.</span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2PxfRSQkSQ_6-eRLP1GtjGrbjuK8k0O0u_V2rBj50euQsl7GX1REuwYz_OqvsKgcrDqSG7BMWJXAbLpNuBKl1fGR3lKvQXyMJ5t6zBqs7WmEHmubnutyFXD7st-8VYoNzGl-VcdKt2u1F0b2eWJ8OERb1K46aAj5JxCu3xZXgcjYed_NMt1r_aadUWvdT/s4032/PA%20photo1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2PxfRSQkSQ_6-eRLP1GtjGrbjuK8k0O0u_V2rBj50euQsl7GX1REuwYz_OqvsKgcrDqSG7BMWJXAbLpNuBKl1fGR3lKvQXyMJ5t6zBqs7WmEHmubnutyFXD7st-8VYoNzGl-VcdKt2u1F0b2eWJ8OERb1K46aAj5JxCu3xZXgcjYed_NMt1r_aadUWvdT/s320/PA%20photo1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After ruling out what I
could about the second tonearm's origins, I decided I was going to need some
outsider help identifying this tonearm. After asking for some help from a few
knowledgeable sources, someone had an answer. They were able to identify it as
a Vitaphone arm and sent me to a source to learn more about the company, if
only I knew then just how much digging I was going to have to do to find more
information. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">As if sensing that the
Vitaphone rabbit hole was inevitable, I switched sources for a bit. I was able
to confirm in my original research that the original machine was fully intact;
nothing had been removed for the modifications or broken over the years.
Knowing that, I went through and oiled what was needed and wound the crank. It
worked! I tested it on a few of the records that were housed inside of it and
they played beautifully. It was also then that I realized that there was an
accession number on it, just hidden away inside the machine. I went back to the
database to see if it held any more information on the phonograph. While it did
not tell me anymore about the phonograph itself, I was able to find out that it
had been donated by Talitha Botsford (who, if you are unfamiliar with, you can
read about </span><a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2012/03/elmiras-lady-of-all-arts.html" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #1155cc;">here</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">)!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Having taken a step back,
I was ready to return to my research into Vitaphones with newfound vigor. Now
before I even get into my research into Vitaphones I want to make something
very clear. This is not about the Vitaphone Company that is associated with
sound film systems and Warner Bros., that is a completely separate entity that
is much more well known and existed after the Vitaphone Company I will be
discussing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Clinton B. Repp was the
creator of the Vitaphone. His idea was to make a new, distinctive sounds using
his patented Wooden Arm and Stationary Sound Box. He believed it produced a
softer, less metallic sound. Then, in 1912, the Vitaphone Company was in
business. Manufacturing was done at a plant in Plainfield, New Jersey. A
subsidiary of the Vitaphone Company also opened the next year in Toronto,
Canada.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is where my leads run
dry for the most part. I was able to find some other minor information out
there and some images of a few different models. Overall, it does not seem like
this company has lasted in people's minds the way other phonograph companies
have. However, if you know how to restore Vitaphone arms or know somebody who
has worked with them in the past, I am still hoping that the Vitaphone tonearm
can be used as well. Please reach out with any regarding restoration to <a href="mailto:cchs@chemungvalleymuseum.org"><span style="color: #1155cc;">cchs@chemungvalleymuseum.org</span></a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 130.5pt;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-71184121874674438672023-11-27T03:00:00.000-08:002023-11-27T03:00:00.134-08:00Participation<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">by Susan Zehnder, Education Director</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM67RY8D-EyxCHk7aFm-uBhwiL7UyZWdtGirhVIR0fW3gP9MC863zvri2qKjJPYd7GCll04nJKmabeSr78l0kehyphenhyphen-dsGwx2CB-YFozPW_AWJKj0vZ7XGEtpHqWOxofkBmbiAXqkJUh26mtwq4TN2n01-5v9p-RiGiWgHMn8oQAFTGVfUHWe3VS0LeWriu_/s1024/open.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="937" data-original-width="1024" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM67RY8D-EyxCHk7aFm-uBhwiL7UyZWdtGirhVIR0fW3gP9MC863zvri2qKjJPYd7GCll04nJKmabeSr78l0kehyphenhyphen-dsGwx2CB-YFozPW_AWJKj0vZ7XGEtpHqWOxofkBmbiAXqkJUh26mtwq4TN2n01-5v9p-RiGiWgHMn8oQAFTGVfUHWe3VS0LeWriu_/s320/open.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />At 5 am on November 7, 2023, our executive director arrived at
work to unlock the museum’s doors. It was New York State’s General Election
Day, and the Chemung County Historical Society welcomed voters from county
districts 09-05/11-04, and 11-05. Poll workers arrived, set up, and were open
for voters at 6 am. Polls closed at 9 pm. Before the end of the day, more than
200 people walked through the doors and our archivist stayed until 10 pm to
lock up.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Many voters had never been in our building before. After
voting, they took advantage of the museum’s free admission for the day to
explore. Others took a quick look around, vowing to come back to see more. We
even had a few tell us they wanted to donate items to our collection.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">It was the first time CCHS was a polling site. In the United
States, the majority of polling places are located in public schools. This
makes sense because they are situated throughout the community. Most school
buildings have good accessibility features, and are designed with large rooms,
like gymnasiums or cafeterias, which can accommodate polling equipment and poll
workers. Schools also have sufficient parking to handle the flow of traffic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Unfortunately, what makes less sense, is the disruption
Election Day can bring to schools and student routines. Concerns about safety
make it more problematic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">We thought we could help and in the fall of 2022, we contacted
the Chemung County Board of Elections. We have ample parking, a good-sized
education room, and our museum is all on one level. Local Election Board
officials visited then sent an independent inspector to evaluate voter
accessibility. There were a few things that needed to be addressed, but
overall, the officials agreed CCHS would be a good site and we were granted the
right to host an election in the spring. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;">The New York State Board
of Elections is responsible for defining all New York State election laws and
rules for each of the state’s 62 counties. The Board mandates what the
national, state, county, city, and town elections look like on the local level
tasking local administration to the Chemung County Board of Elections. Local
boards also provide election supplies to villages, fire districts, and school
districts that conduct their own elections. They register eligible citizens to
vote, and they perform various public education services including providing information
to candidates seeking elective office. Local boards also accept and rule on voter
petitions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGGbTDWfWiL_cPkKaLH5GNkcw5XSmCtf7zsstV5U_MzW_hIUNRv2XQNCj0_iwdnHok2zKTpg0tvg95G76jvLY9Q89z_nya2a2BKLfwuKLs1jZF-FDJf8q7wlZ6VWH5xojuhF9G5HgCG9WefwoFKcML5kL4DkHVPNkVFAZA_ScQkQ9sxnX8Igt_b81BM9rb/s785/County.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="785" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGGbTDWfWiL_cPkKaLH5GNkcw5XSmCtf7zsstV5U_MzW_hIUNRv2XQNCj0_iwdnHok2zKTpg0tvg95G76jvLY9Q89z_nya2a2BKLfwuKLs1jZF-FDJf8q7wlZ6VWH5xojuhF9G5HgCG9WefwoFKcML5kL4DkHVPNkVFAZA_ScQkQ9sxnX8Igt_b81BM9rb/s320/County.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;">The Chemung County Board
of Elections consists of two Election Commissioners. The commissioners are elected
by county committees of their same political party and must be approved by the
county legislature. Each are supported by two Deputy Commissioners and office
staff.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">According to the Chemung
County Board of Elections, as of May 2023, the county has 55,480 registered
voters. The unofficial results from November 7th, indicate that only 9,063
voters or 16% of eligible voters cast their vote. The election results aren’t official
until after the required recount on November 22</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">nd</sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> since races in
Districts 1, 2, and 4 remained too close to call.</span></p><p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18.6667px;"><br /></span></p><p style="background: margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Voting,
or having a voice in their government, is a key part of democracy. The United
States is founded on the idea of freedom, and our nation’s history contains the
struggle of different groups of Americans fighting to secure their vote. Voting
reflects how engaged the public is.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">According to the Brennan Center for Justice, a nonpartisan
policy and law institute inspired on the work of United States Supreme Court
Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., more states, about 19, have recently passed
legislation making it harder to vote. Some of these laws require people to
present IDs, or they take away the vote from anyone previously convicted of a
felony. Others severely restrict early and absentee voting, and remove voters’
names from lists if they haven’t recently voted. Since 2020, only 17 US states
have passed legislation making it easier to vote. Is voting important? In
reference to the 16% of Chemung County voters who voted on November 7<sup>th</sup>,
Chemung County’s Democratic Committee Chair Jamal Malik recently said, “</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The
future of the city council is in the hands of a very few people. I think it was
like 17% of the eligible voters came out and voted. So, every vote counts, and
it's important that people get engaged, civically get engaged, not just be
registered to vote, but actually go out and vote and that's the message that
needs to be crystal clear to everyone.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">We hope that county voter engagement grows. Since the Chemung
County Historical Society collects history through artifacts and documents of
the County, we have items from elections more than 100 years old. We’ve been
sharing some of these online in our weekly posts. This past fall, we were also
pleased to be selected by the Smithsonian Institution’s Museums on Main Street
program to be one of twelve sites to host a traveling exhibit called Voices and
Votes. We won’t be getting the exhibition until fall of 2025, but have started
planning for an accompanying display and programs to highlight voting in
Chemung County. We’ll be sharing more details about this exciting project in
the future. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Granted, 5 am was a pretty early start to the day, but well
worth it to participate in </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">local</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
democracy.</span> </p><p>To see more about voting in Chemung County's past, check out our online exhibit <a href="https://bit.ly/3G9Xhyt">Vote! Chemung County </a> <br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEine3vaqlS2JWOmqXDAOsMb518bHzaH1orIwoZ8LVze9tXi1_utT7p9pwYBul8o26OL1YeB87OXdhhum9pKWDu4U0LbQyjn0FvMhG9BN9-6EGDBMCBcSY23JFDybOF8H2EN9KI9zSSRAR4r7m2SuLFzeqruEB-ctZFiffkGFjImnnasfq6DjPCumfYIAMUi/s1398/VBooth.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1398" data-original-width="1398" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEine3vaqlS2JWOmqXDAOsMb518bHzaH1orIwoZ8LVze9tXi1_utT7p9pwYBul8o26OL1YeB87OXdhhum9pKWDu4U0LbQyjn0FvMhG9BN9-6EGDBMCBcSY23JFDybOF8H2EN9KI9zSSRAR4r7m2SuLFzeqruEB-ctZFiffkGFjImnnasfq6DjPCumfYIAMUi/s320/VBooth.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Voting machine used from 1962 - 1982, CCHS Collection</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-39384961642304313622023-11-13T07:00:00.095-08:002023-11-13T07:00:00.149-08:00Reclaiming Her Art: Francis S. Sinnett<p> by Monica Groth, Curator</p><p>Too often the work of women is overlooked or dismissed. In some cases, a woman's accomplishments are even erroneously attributed to a man. </p><p>I came across an example of the latter case recently. Coincidence brought about its discovery and the correcting of a decades old mistake. County Historian Kelsey Jones was researching the lives of two county artists - a couple, John Townsend and Francis Smith Sinnett - when I ran into him at the office. John Townsend Sinnett (1807-1891) was born in Dublin, Ireland and immigrated to the U.S., making painting his profession. His wife Francis, was born closer by, in Tioga County, and she too developed skills as an artist. We know that the couple lived at Southport Corners in the town of Southport by 1850, and had eight children by 1865. </p><p>Kelsey showed me a painting attributed to John Townsend Sinnett held by the Arnot Art Museum. This painting, included below with permission of the Arnot, is entitled <i>Demon Rum Versus Water.</i> It depicts the moral hazard of the alcoholic carafe, encircled by a serpent, by contrasting it with the purity of water, complemented by a white pitcher and a waterfall to the far right. I was impressed by the quality of the painting and the obvious skill of the artist, but was unfamiliar with their name. According to our database, there were no Sinnett paintings in our collection. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcB_jELTLddST11YAyACiyFyCwOW3kYo4GFAYc8nRDFcn1FU1ljGJwXOpFb9YzLsf-8kN-_OLYUwkVKP7ssVA14BoMcrKBHVvhDjV9d1LHTitPMtT2Q0WLOhZ4VOdPlBtOWinONvAJLjzHYnFWywEBso_yWXSy0wftsCedIZ8UDmJbp4IdRB9mCVDA7Pa/s619/219Sinnett%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="617" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcB_jELTLddST11YAyACiyFyCwOW3kYo4GFAYc8nRDFcn1FU1ljGJwXOpFb9YzLsf-8kN-_OLYUwkVKP7ssVA14BoMcrKBHVvhDjV9d1LHTitPMtT2Q0WLOhZ4VOdPlBtOWinONvAJLjzHYnFWywEBso_yWXSy0wftsCedIZ8UDmJbp4IdRB9mCVDA7Pa/w399-h400/219Sinnett%20(1).jpg" width="399" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Demon Rum Versus Water, c. 1860<br /><i>Image courtesy of the Arnot Art Museum</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>However, only the next day, I was researching 19th century art to include in an upcoming exhibit and was struck by this painting, a colorful tableau filled with exotic fruits:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_dCBKoIdw4OxHzupK7NTFaV1NltJmcc7hdqVCbvOY8Va2lM5_UM4GTwcEfC8r0QI5LTYvmnxXy66U6p12wDAXmkfXrkMUBOrrCKx7MJhRGGCGhWDhBPpHowfMXT07qS_YKKUSl7Wv5gve1gkngJWH6nuDafHcciB0yunqK9_m2khgsRbqXSSGBxQhNGhl/s3036/Sinnett.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2513" data-original-width="3036" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_dCBKoIdw4OxHzupK7NTFaV1NltJmcc7hdqVCbvOY8Va2lM5_UM4GTwcEfC8r0QI5LTYvmnxXy66U6p12wDAXmkfXrkMUBOrrCKx7MJhRGGCGhWDhBPpHowfMXT07qS_YKKUSl7Wv5gve1gkngJWH6nuDafHcciB0yunqK9_m2khgsRbqXSSGBxQhNGhl/w400-h331/Sinnett.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Still Life painted by Mrs. Francis S. Sinnett, 1863</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>Notice anything? The pitcher looked nearly identical to the one in <i>Demon Rum Versus Water!</i> The painting style is also similar - could the paintings be by the same artist? Or artists in the same household and studio using the same still life props?</p><p>Our painting, an untitled still life, was anonymously donated to the Museum in memory of Robert L and Mary Cain many decades ago. It is attributed to W.J.R. Sinnott, an artist seemingly unconnected to Francis or John. So who was W.J.R. Sinnott? History draws a blank. No one by that name appears to have lived in the area during the 1860s. W.J.R. Sinnott doesn't appear to exist. </p><p>Any record of a W.J.R. Sinnott, elsewhere spelled Sinnett, seems to equate him with John Townsend Sinnett. But we know J.T. Sinnett would have no reason to invent new initials for himself. A newspaper clipping advertising his services as a painter is signed J.T. Sinnett. Perhaps this is simply a case of mislabeling or misreading? A spelling mistake could be easily made due to the similarities of the last name. Check out this close up on the painting's signature. Could this painting have been painted by a Sinnett...could it have been painted by the <i>other</i> Sinnett?</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Jrki5DcY1MLeq5UVRVHK8MFh11Q1DlWUVn3-gFdzg0KFRZa4OSkDuV5r7qi4TK_iL_-yplCqjHveSZHI-CNYiH9NVHk88btVRlzC0gSvbptrDw_5RCOeXM6Fb9JIXEfgBKl9_zOV42BZd3xl4uKN3fa-1TOmzZJVwstHn1Q85KhIbEiwlx_hiXurF1UZ/s5184/IMG_3977.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Jrki5DcY1MLeq5UVRVHK8MFh11Q1DlWUVn3-gFdzg0KFRZa4OSkDuV5r7qi4TK_iL_-yplCqjHveSZHI-CNYiH9NVHk88btVRlzC0gSvbptrDw_5RCOeXM6Fb9JIXEfgBKl9_zOV42BZd3xl4uKN3fa-1TOmzZJVwstHn1Q85KhIbEiwlx_hiXurF1UZ/w400-h266/IMG_3977.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhf4UYLQjT5bDxa9rFWh7MN4QpWYqrOFw9vU38ymuJNE33m7RK1gKf3G1gjMRgI1x4HO7rI9hxFFOH1_jesUOpHwosDmymZOcQTzGQNuAOMkDtr33TklHIO2G5QmSUGLQ0XQrgZ4ox1O6NJOICpPE0j4IPePquD-qQ9h_BksFshiJqdIKlhxx1RK5v5V3f/s3989/IMG_3977.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="3989" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhf4UYLQjT5bDxa9rFWh7MN4QpWYqrOFw9vU38ymuJNE33m7RK1gKf3G1gjMRgI1x4HO7rI9hxFFOH1_jesUOpHwosDmymZOcQTzGQNuAOMkDtr33TklHIO2G5QmSUGLQ0XQrgZ4ox1O6NJOICpPE0j4IPePquD-qQ9h_BksFshiJqdIKlhxx1RK5v5V3f/w640-h125/IMG_3977.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Close-up of signature on Still Life Painting<br /><br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>We believe that this signature does not read "WJR Sinnott" but rather "Mrs. F. Sinnett".<div><br /></div><div>Francis S. Sinnett was an artist in her own right. Indeed, in the 1857 Elmira City Directory it is she, not her husband, who is listed, her profession clearly delineated as "artist". The entry even includes an address at 48 Water St, perhaps a art business? Kelsey Jones has done a lot of excellent research on the Sinnetts. He discovered a newspaper account rhapsodizing about Francis' award of first prize at an art exhibition. The excerpt declares that her "fruits and flowers" in particular were "very fine" and that there was really "no competition" between her and the other female applicants.<p></p><p>I theorize that "<i>Mrs"</i> was repeatedly misread by art sellers and even historians as "WJR". This isn't actually that surprising. There weren't many women acknowledged as professional painters in 19th century America, and few of them were signing their paintings in a way which openly advertised their femininity. "Mrs" was not something an art lover would expect to see in a florid signature; so they didn't.</p><p>Francis had to distinguish her art from her husband's, but it is interesting the she chose to do so by including the address of "Mrs" rather than simply including her first initial. Indeed, in another painting attributed to Francis, she signs it simply "F. Sinnett". Many other women of this period, especially authors, choose to hide their sex from readers and buyers, preferring the anonymity of gender-neutral initials. They were more likely to be published and purchased if their publishers and readers thought them male. </p><p>Perhaps the art world was different. Perhaps Mrs. Sinnett was proud of her success and wanted the world to acknowledge her womanhood as well as her talent. We may never know what she intended, but there's a little welcome feminist vindication in applauding her work today and reclaiming her talent. Her painting will be on display in our upcoming exhibition. </p><br /></div>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-41026740900661156622023-10-30T04:30:00.028-07:002023-10-30T04:30:00.142-07:00Trick-or-Treat<p> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As a kid, I loved trick-or-treating. Who doesn’t love costumes
and free candy? Most Americans agree with me. In 2022, there were 40.9 million
trick-or-treaters between the ages of 5 and 14. Americans spent $3.1 billion on
candy for them. I know I certainly spent my share. The tradition loomed so
large in my childhood, it’s hard to believe it’s barely 100 years old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In Europe, people have been dressing up in costume and
visiting homes for food around Halloween since at least the 15<sup>th</sup>
century. Despite the tradition being wide-spread across the British Isles, it
wasn’t until the 1910s that it caught on in the Americas. Prior to that,
Halloween, if it was celebrated at all, was marked by private parties, public
dances, and petty acts of vandalism. The first record of costumed children
going door-to-door in North America is from a newspaper account in Kingston,
Ontario, Canada in 1910. It was described in a Boston suburb in 1919 and
Chicago in 1920. The phrase “Trick-or-treat” also originates from Canada and
appeared in the 1920s. The phrase wasn’t used in the United States until 1932
and wasn’t widespread until around 1940. The practice as a whole didn’t really
catch on across the country until the 1950s. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxJaI-cP6JbO8t93Hs7LXmQnmG_JbGNGyFatj6l8l9qJDPd8Z3umdK7aQ2bbLnTR9I2w4Dn1sBcZYb6XFUqzwnn_-HdAXJjyA7gkGp607o9n1VZw4b5aHuoKqqliZT20o_OVgyrBFBMtFS71A_-S1H_UDwjND6c2NPN1H3YM579YCKmpZHvUc62K4RBKx/s1592/Halloween%20postcard_0001.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1592" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxJaI-cP6JbO8t93Hs7LXmQnmG_JbGNGyFatj6l8l9qJDPd8Z3umdK7aQ2bbLnTR9I2w4Dn1sBcZYb6XFUqzwnn_-HdAXJjyA7gkGp607o9n1VZw4b5aHuoKqqliZT20o_OVgyrBFBMtFS71A_-S1H_UDwjND6c2NPN1H3YM579YCKmpZHvUc62K4RBKx/s320/Halloween%20postcard_0001.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Halloween postcard, ca. 1910s</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s hard to say when trick-or-treating came to Elmira and
Chemung County. None of the diaries we have from the 1910s or 1920s mention it,
nor do the newspapers. Halloween parties and dances were common, as was trouble-making. Throughout the 1930s, Police Officer James Hennessey describes
combating roving Halloween gangs of teenage boys who smashed windows and set
fires throughout the last weeks of October. In 1934, the Elmira Heights Police
Department issued a warning in the newspaper promising to crack down on holiday
mischief-makers. Hendy Avenue School began holding an annual costume party and
bonfire to keep kids off the streets. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiursb6NHp21eOX_P1dC6mgq-LvxIzvTOOnUNOX19OaLjNv9oaFPDAdjF5AnEGAT_O_fYm-hnAEuPSJdx3Jt7pAv72BpX7bo4VxYtV15MCXMJWCC1k6V21Mb_NJgnaoF8J_IMHXWNRIIaovZX3dkYIe8EFvDV7y10TSppGJkdMPA2hoWF7EP4rkulTLq3YQ/s1616/Halloween%20postcard.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1029" data-original-width="1616" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiursb6NHp21eOX_P1dC6mgq-LvxIzvTOOnUNOX19OaLjNv9oaFPDAdjF5AnEGAT_O_fYm-hnAEuPSJdx3Jt7pAv72BpX7bo4VxYtV15MCXMJWCC1k6V21Mb_NJgnaoF8J_IMHXWNRIIaovZX3dkYIe8EFvDV7y10TSppGJkdMPA2hoWF7EP4rkulTLq3YQ/s320/Halloween%20postcard.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Halloween postcard, ca. 1910s</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The first mention of kids asking for treats in Elmira appears
on October 28, 1939 when columnist Matt Richardson railed against kids these
days saying:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span></span>“The youth of
today doesn’t wait until October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day or Halloween, to celebrate. It lays aside a
week for it, but not with tick-tack, jack-o’-lantern,
and purse-tied-to-a-string capers. Instead the boys of today walk right up to neighbors’ homes </span>boldly, ringing the
doorbell and inquire: “Have you got a hand-out for us?” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1942 was the first time I found the practice of
trick-or-treating mentioned in a local diary, although not by name. Jennie L.
Hall of Elmira, wrote “Had nineteen here for Halloween handouts. Glad to do
it.” She wrote about it again in 1945, 1946, and 1947, mentioning children
coming to her door and her own grandchildren going around to the neighbors. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It had certainly caught on here by 1948. That was the first
year the phrase trick-or-treat appeared in an Elmira paper. It was also the
first year Ira Heyward ever participated. In an oral history in 2013, he
described his first Halloween in Elmira after moving here from rural South
Carolina:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“I remember the Charrons who
lived kitty-corner from us on Washington Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They took me one time, my very first year
here, Halloween-ing and I had never done that before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, what happened was, I got back home and I
had all this candy and stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My mom
thought I had robbed somebody or went down to Cary’s and ripped them off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a little candy store about two blocks
from our house where they sold penny candy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And my mother was very upset about that because she thought I had stolen
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it wasn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had gone house to house, pretty much what
the kids do today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, she took me
across the street to Mrs. Charron and she explained to mom that no, we kids do
this every year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the kids go out and
collect candies and come back and eat it.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Over time, Halloween trick-or-treating has changed. While
fruits, nuts, and homemade cookies were once common treats, people these days
prefer prepackaged candies. In the late 1960s, there were widespread reports of
people inserting razors, pins, or drugs into homemade treats. In 1969, an
unnamed Elmira woman reported finding one in a cookie. The newspapers advised
parents to check over their children’s hauls. Mine certainly did when I was
growing up. According to surveys, 88% of parents do. Since 1950, children have
also been collecting money for the United Nations International Children’s
Emergency Fund (UNICEF). What started as a one-time fundraiser in Bridesburg,
Pennsylvania quickly became a movement. In 1953, trick-or-treaters from the Westminster
Fellowship of Horseheads Presbyterian Church raise $77.75. By 1960, 3 million
American kids across 11,000 communities raised $1.75 million.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcFLtPUIhLpQdjCTAJBTux4tlMZGuiDYzEItwSxlywNTEB2RjqPHPYBoy2ClcqCaVF9CyjST7ScjMOIKa2XuLNEXB-oOHJ1ADOzOFvVQ77Enu_WWfSP3b5rCSo8ND9GLLXwOrjTuilP1QN-BUIRxyWRrs-KkAm3CMPswfvZtoMh0NxHEG-JB8qJg-X07p7/s577/Tom%20Hickey%20robot%20costume%201966.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="234" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcFLtPUIhLpQdjCTAJBTux4tlMZGuiDYzEItwSxlywNTEB2RjqPHPYBoy2ClcqCaVF9CyjST7ScjMOIKa2XuLNEXB-oOHJ1ADOzOFvVQ77Enu_WWfSP3b5rCSo8ND9GLLXwOrjTuilP1QN-BUIRxyWRrs-KkAm3CMPswfvZtoMh0NxHEG-JB8qJg-X07p7/s320/Tom%20Hickey%20robot%20costume%201966.jpg" width="130" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robot costume, 1966. Image courtesy of Elmira Star-Gazette.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Elmira Heights Police Department first began setting
trick-or-treating hours in 1962. The City of Elmira followed suit in 1971,
although not without some push-back. This year, trick-or-treating is scheduled
to run from 5-8pm in the Town of Catlin, 5:30-8pm to in the City of Elmira, and
6-8pm in the Village of Elmira Heights. Make sure to have plenty of candy ready
to go. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Note: In
the course of writing this blog, I realized that we don’t have any
trick-or-treating photos. If you have some you’d like to share, please consider
donating. </span></i></p>
Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-20761795335168852142023-10-16T05:30:00.002-07:002023-10-16T05:30:00.151-07:00Part of the Heller Family Story <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">By Susan Zehnder, Education Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">For two dark nights, and one late afternoon, Woodlawn Cemetery
was visited by hundreds of visitors who strolled the paths and listened to the
stories of four of the cemetery’s permanent residents. It was the 17<sup>th</sup>
annual Ghost Walk, offering a unique glimpse into our area’s past and some of
its most interesting inhabitants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Guided by Friends of Woodlawn volunteers, visitors explored
the cemetery, pausing to hear the four ghosts tell their tales. The stories, based
on fact and researched by our staff, were brought to life by actors from Elmira
Little Theatre. Over the years we’ve been able to share stories of 69 different
people buried at Woodlawn.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">One story not widely known is that of the Heller family,
previous owners of the land that would become Woodlawn Cemetery. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In the early 19<sup>th</sup> century, Michael and Nancy Ann Heller
arrived in the county to settle and raise a family. They were German immigrants
who had first moved to Pennsylvania to pursue farming. Looking further, they
were attracted to the Chemung Valley’s rich agricultural opportunities, and they
relocated and purchased land on the outskirts of Elmira. Like many farmers of
the day, they had a large family. Charles, the youngest of their eight children,
followed his father into farming. In 1851, Charles married Mary Neish of Elmira
and they raised two girls, named Frances and Harriet, and twin boys, named
David and Michael.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfnnnZTf70EMj0czTr59hgFIB2eTu6TjPvq0fmLcQtZRxuntGkFpmwrtdp_tFHJAL57pEScEtQyg0B7unWc4Vu9gQC982nY8DISLDYipwYPvDy_oPhbviXKyXMUJDIGvIrbW29isZ5NGaLi0LZ5AYlG-pU4CEEW_nRsIN46eDCyk5sOQOypTjhcofT5lcb/s888/Heller%20Children.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="888" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfnnnZTf70EMj0czTr59hgFIB2eTu6TjPvq0fmLcQtZRxuntGkFpmwrtdp_tFHJAL57pEScEtQyg0B7unWc4Vu9gQC982nY8DISLDYipwYPvDy_oPhbviXKyXMUJDIGvIrbW29isZ5NGaLi0LZ5AYlG-pU4CEEW_nRsIN46eDCyk5sOQOypTjhcofT5lcb/s320/Heller%20Children.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">L to R: Michael, Frances, David, and Harriet Heller</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Not long after Charles had set up his farm, the City of Elmira
was looking for land to build a new cemetery. For that purpose, Charles and
Mary Heller sold the city a piece of their land for $10,000. The cemetery was
chartered in 1858 and designed by architect Howard Daniels, who was active in
the rural cemetery and garden cemetery movements, which emphasized natural
elements. Today, Woodlawn encompasses 184 acres, and its natural elements
include winding pathways and green space to inspire visitors and promote
reflection. <o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Charles and Mary Heller valued education and had the means to
pay for it. They sent daughters Frances and Harriet to study at the newly
opened Elmira College, while sons David and Michael attended nearby Cornell University.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">During his studies at Cornell, David was active in sports and also
became editor of the student newspaper, the <u>Cornell Daily Sun</u>. Both boys
graduated in 1888, and David stayed an additional year to study law before returning
to Elmira. In 1890, he was admitted to the bar. He was elected County Clerk a
few years later, serving in this position for four years. In 1898, he was
elected to the State Assembly, to represent Chemung County as the youngest
Assembly member at the time. Elected City Judge in 1907, he served for close to
twenty years, lasting through five four-year terms. In 1911, David married Julie
Weyer; the couple had no children. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1925, David Heller was elected mayor. He resigned his judgeship,
but he remained active in the community. He served as president of the City
Club and held memberships in the Elmira Country Club, the Union Lodge, the F.
& A.M. (Free and Accepted Masons), Knights of Pythias, the BPO of Elks, and
the Park Church. He was president of the Chemung County Bar Association and a member
of the NY State and American Bar Associations. The high point of his career
came in 1929, when NY Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him to fill the
unexpired term of State Supreme Court Justice George McCann, who also happened
to be Heller’s cousin. He hoped to remain as Supreme Court Justice after his appointed
term expired, but ran an unsuccessful campaign. He then returned to private
practice.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd6R8af-k51Of02P7TMHP83WMBER2haxLrWjdFVwnH1I1TRcsY2HgvzVd6QHEZ32OD1D2Jt-HJ1XZ-kaHIaWtmdb4HPHdW_EL0O8j-UYgJy78u1QTb3_hgpZlpkG_85_g-8YotDTyCPGpW0y8GF__X1U2ZYz4byEvhaMlVodyRGjOzd9MDFBacoCnA9AKc/s2168/David%20Heller.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2168" data-original-width="1440" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd6R8af-k51Of02P7TMHP83WMBER2haxLrWjdFVwnH1I1TRcsY2HgvzVd6QHEZ32OD1D2Jt-HJ1XZ-kaHIaWtmdb4HPHdW_EL0O8j-UYgJy78u1QTb3_hgpZlpkG_85_g-8YotDTyCPGpW0y8GF__X1U2ZYz4byEvhaMlVodyRGjOzd9MDFBacoCnA9AKc/s320/David%20Heller.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><br />In 1932, at the age of 66, Judge David Heller suffered an
appendicitis attack, and died a few days later. The <u>Star-Gazette</u> called
his death a shock to the community. David Heller had been in public service for
over 40 years.<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">His twin was equally dedicated. In 1888, when Michael
graduated from Cornell, he returned straightaway to Elmira. He first found work
at Gridley Hardware Store, located at 119 East Water Street. Soon after, he left
and formed his own hardware store. The Gridley Company bought him out and Michael
left business to become City Court clerk. In 1926, he was appointed assistant
superintendent of Woodlawn Cemetery, and six months later, he became superintendent.
It was a position that Michael Heller served for 14 years.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Not long after he returned to Elmira, Michael married
Charlotte Stone and the couple had four sons. Sadly, Charlotte died in 1915. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Like David, Michael was active in public service. He was a
member of the Board of Supervisors, secretary of the Chemung County
Agricultural Society, alumni secretary of his Cornell class for more than 50
years, and secretary of the Central New York Fairs Association. He was also a
member of F. & A.M., of Park Church and a master of Union Lodge. He
outlived his brother David by nine years, dying at the age of 75 after an
extended illness.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_3J1_luuM5ghwNjFPkyKoxD83MY6CVkRtimKerFwv1vUheRtCkFW4sE6SlEh69Dd3S9zCiIdpExvtA4KM_S7uB5VE8gcGG2rwhYtXpZdFnWQVh5mgHNTTsP5JQnmK7bss3kGvlht3h0M2nVmNVevvNjLGMUB8W_GLWwO3F3AzKzy5DYsac1bbKBsHgtfG/s1114/Michael%20Heller.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1114" data-original-width="670" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_3J1_luuM5ghwNjFPkyKoxD83MY6CVkRtimKerFwv1vUheRtCkFW4sE6SlEh69Dd3S9zCiIdpExvtA4KM_S7uB5VE8gcGG2rwhYtXpZdFnWQVh5mgHNTTsP5JQnmK7bss3kGvlht3h0M2nVmNVevvNjLGMUB8W_GLWwO3F3AzKzy5DYsac1bbKBsHgtfG/s320/Michael%20Heller.jpg" width="192" /></a></div><br /><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Four years ago, gardens were constructed at Woodlawn to honor
the Heller family. Woodlawn Cemetery now offers the Heller Memorial Gardens as
an option for those wanting a cremation garden (also called a columbarium). The
gardens are located just inside Woodlawn’s Walnut Street entrance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Consider this an extra cemetery story, and if you want to hear 2023 ghost scripts again, or for the
first time, join us at 12:05 pm on Wednesday October 25, 2023. Staff will read
scripts, share images, and answer questions. The event is free and open to the
public.</span> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7QGOOGaQyAlfV-4ljDwrGOm6iLbB9eX-f2YGjqpaJxHE6csbyblYozs3X8pB3tVupQhxBn8NyAkRQ0tfX-N4OmE2HwRNnQ1u4r3-Rd5zWUSXhNzfnJt0hxbmfy0IxVeXkdesuTw2OafYk5kZfGadh71_GhWhRyK3d6cCRDvmqHNknXr5bOZCoTqoWflQ6/s766/GhostlyReadingsMini2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="766" data-original-width="638" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7QGOOGaQyAlfV-4ljDwrGOm6iLbB9eX-f2YGjqpaJxHE6csbyblYozs3X8pB3tVupQhxBn8NyAkRQ0tfX-N4OmE2HwRNnQ1u4r3-Rd5zWUSXhNzfnJt0hxbmfy0IxVeXkdesuTw2OafYk5kZfGadh71_GhWhRyK3d6cCRDvmqHNknXr5bOZCoTqoWflQ6/s320/GhostlyReadingsMini2.jpg" width="267" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-6659840912101399942023-10-02T05:00:00.015-07:002023-10-02T05:00:00.143-07:00Lethal Leaves: Arsenic Greens<p> By Monica Groth, Curator </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0fPnitJqu2RSseqR5s9eB1F40vy3Uk-emMHdOd5tdjDGTQjKFjr1qoNhou90dBYetp62CK3kpm25MU8SDk3e5ufS4kcJsiC9NPKpMBdlxsB2vf_KM1ysN01aUuIeI7zbXtpS1KDow_TvJ4XSLkV-uMYp7KkTNOXfRIsCgIr4uQeZcW-VbKf41bxTIo5_b/s850/197300820003.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="850" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0fPnitJqu2RSseqR5s9eB1F40vy3Uk-emMHdOd5tdjDGTQjKFjr1qoNhou90dBYetp62CK3kpm25MU8SDk3e5ufS4kcJsiC9NPKpMBdlxsB2vf_KM1ysN01aUuIeI7zbXtpS1KDow_TvJ4XSLkV-uMYp7KkTNOXfRIsCgIr4uQeZcW-VbKf41bxTIo5_b/s320/197300820003.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Green Bonnet, c. 1880</b><br />This bonnet may be colored with arsenic green pigments</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">In 1775, the young chemist Wilhelm Scheele discovered that copper
arsenate (a copper and arsenic compound) made a gorgeously vivid green color. By
mixing sodium carbonate, arsenious oxide, and copper sulfate, he produced a
vibrant pigment. Immediately desired by customers and cheap to make from mining
wastes readily available as the Industrial Revolution took off, Scheele’s Green
was adopted by many manufacturers. The compound was used to color wallpaper,
book covers, playing cards, and candy wrappers. As the 19<sup>th</sup> century
began, other green pigments with slightly different chemical compositions
including Schweinfurt Green and Paris Green also appeared. The beautiful green
was attractive –and deadly. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Arsenic is very poisonous to humans. Early in the Victorian
period (1837-1900) it gained a reputation as the poison of choice for murderers
and the poison to avoid if you wished to commit suicide (it caused that
agonizing of a death). But many arsenic victims weren’t poisoned by another person.
Instead, they were unsuspecting consumers – victims of fashion.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Perhaps the most famous case of arsenical green pigments
involves Paris Green wallpaper. Glue, damp, and mold would react with the
wallpaper, which in addition to flaking off arsenic paint, would off-gas
hydrogen cyanide into homes. Multiple people, Napoleon Bonaparte likely among
them, died from such poisoning, and Charlotte Perkins Gillman’s popular book <i>The
Yellow Wallpaper</i> (arsenical greens were often a lime-ish yellow/green
color) was likely inspired by these facts.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, before doing further research on the topic I was
unfamiliar with the knowledge that clothing was also colored with arsenical
green pigments and gave off substantial clouds of the lethal stuff. In
particular, women’s gowns, hats, and leafy headdresses were dangerous to make
and wear. Investigating doctors concluded that a ball gown fashioned from 20
yrds of green fabric might contain 900 grains of arsenic, and that in an evening of
dancing, 60 grains might slough off as the wearer spun. With 5 grains enough to
kill a person, such a woman, deemed a “killing creature” by the <i>British
Medical Journal</i> (this was slang for an attractive woman at that time),
could take out a dozen people in one night!</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFBK7atSy14N3YZAZav25dUGWUgTkRQYOTCX9U020l90kLisipPwEX55__ubPi5C_PQx8EyesYutujcXpMhkPc6MEw8GPes06WUN7dWKPUIKzHdx5UHiRiNu-DRoqmjx2qjogHkB97w0eRLQNFZTBUrsz8hEAKirvwtqr33ZsCy-kMjtOcbWhpcw8ixsR/s2351/197501010001a-2.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2351" data-original-width="1573" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFBK7atSy14N3YZAZav25dUGWUgTkRQYOTCX9U020l90kLisipPwEX55__ubPi5C_PQx8EyesYutujcXpMhkPc6MEw8GPes06WUN7dWKPUIKzHdx5UHiRiNu-DRoqmjx2qjogHkB97w0eRLQNFZTBUrsz8hEAKirvwtqr33ZsCy-kMjtOcbWhpcw8ixsR/s320/197501010001a-2.JPG" width="214" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Green Silk Bodice, c. 1832</b><br /> Possibly colored with Scheele's Green arsenic pigment</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">It wasn't often that a beauty left 12 dead in her wake because the
full lethal dose of 5 grains would rarely reach a person after one encounter. However,
prolonged exposure to the chemical was a death sentence. Workers in factories and shops were very susceptible, developing physical and neurological maladies from constant
contact with arsenical dust. The death of artificial flower maker Matilda
Scheurer was much publicized in London in 1861. Scheurer, who was only 19 yrs
old at the time of her death, dusted artificial flowers with arsenical green powder,
daily breathing in the toxic dust and often returning home with it on her hands and clothing. One of the things which makes the pigment so perilous is how loosely
its bound to its substrate - it was dusted on and could easily dust off. In addition to painful convulsions, tremors, and
vomiting, the whites of Matilda’s eyes turned the verdant shade of Scheele's Green before her death. She
reportedly told doctors that everything she saw looked green! Fellow flower
workers developed scabs and lesions on their hands and faces, and workers in
many different industries using arsenic sickened and died in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-r_38PWFU5DSkiT-18_IbXaN1wjYMjU2iAPn-0gXviSuT_NuarRs5dng9dAmCEw-0dRiOZWskVuwKOPcij8PgYRUXMLvdeBqNazQ-9zRdMdGvE71Fzv3xyP78LoKH2IGgt4rUGK8f3p3JEP2ay6C8qTpIHHQ88uydx5T_ZK0vT-5692SWUuUUakVmedd/s748/wreath.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="748" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-r_38PWFU5DSkiT-18_IbXaN1wjYMjU2iAPn-0gXviSuT_NuarRs5dng9dAmCEw-0dRiOZWskVuwKOPcij8PgYRUXMLvdeBqNazQ-9zRdMdGvE71Fzv3xyP78LoKH2IGgt4rUGK8f3p3JEP2ay6C8qTpIHHQ88uydx5T_ZK0vT-5692SWUuUUakVmedd/s320/wreath.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Orange Blossom Leafy Wreath, c. 1880:</b><br />Headdresses like this one often had leaves dusted with arsenic green pigments </td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Word certainly spread that arsenic was present in green pigments
and that it could kill. But the color remained fashionable through the decade. Artificial flowers or
taxidermized birds (preserved with arsenic pesticide soaps) on hats and accessories were particularly in vogue. Today, I handle these items with caution to ensure no arsenic is inhaled or absorbed through the skin. </p><p class="MsoNormal">By the 1880s, doctors,
women’s groups, and reporters were lobbying for alternatives
to arsenical greens. The use of the poisonous pigment slowly decreased, but arsenic was seen in a wide range of consumer products well into the 20th century. As you’ll learn if you visit our upcoming
exhibition, <i>Your Victorian House is Killing You,</i> there were plenty of
other dangers lurking in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century home. <o:p></o:p></p><br /><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-31699256387368514762023-09-18T05:00:00.001-07:002023-09-18T05:00:00.147-07:00Introducing EmpireADC<p> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We recently joined <a href="https://www.empireadc.org/">EmpireADC</a>, or the Empire Archival Discovery
Cooperative.
EmpireADC is run by the New York State Library Network, which provides
technical services to libraries and archives across the state. In the early
2000s, NYSLN surveyed archivists from across New York (me included) and found
that what we all really wanted was a site that could bring together finding
aids from New York’s vast and varied archival, historical, and special
collections to make them more discoverable by researchers. After years of
planning and coding, EmpireADC was created to be that site! It currently hosts
finding aids from over 75 institutions, large and small, and it’s growing all
the time. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga6MEJr3QVEPPhvJ8cukP3RksSJp8U92-96EGTCuFzjrpfaD-cZuXhpCHoVNSaxocqy-FXHLOFjYMkIkpDU2tMEbsJomKCNPWV3rGJP8A6iUq-BQrzgUyu4JAi36FHf6lh74Rd0T-e9NhDAtn0oOriRWNKXktyzuZZOu2qDjJNJID7NemPxNArJ5TZPp8b/s469/EADC%20logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="179" data-original-width="469" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga6MEJr3QVEPPhvJ8cukP3RksSJp8U92-96EGTCuFzjrpfaD-cZuXhpCHoVNSaxocqy-FXHLOFjYMkIkpDU2tMEbsJomKCNPWV3rGJP8A6iUq-BQrzgUyu4JAi36FHf6lh74Rd0T-e9NhDAtn0oOriRWNKXktyzuZZOu2qDjJNJID7NemPxNArJ5TZPp8b/s320/EADC%20logo.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The platform is pretty neat. It is searchable by keyword,
subject, or surname. Researchers can narrow their results by institution, or
they can see what’s available on a topic across the entire state. For example,
if I were researching the history of the NAACP in New York State, I would see
that not only does the Chemung County Historical Society have the records of
the Elmira-Corning Branch, the State University of New York at Albany has the
records of the Albany and Schenectady branches, and Syracuse University has the
records of the Syracuse branch. Being on EmpireADC will hopefully help people
who’ve never even heard of our institution before become aware of all we have
to offer. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8iaCSV7P4nN99xXUK73l1159ScNQIh-_L00ZMkZfL3cXRMJ6b4l1jx6ljPlXEYeOS3oTt4SzWfh9DHsYODVazBKxov_0BnYv3bXDQvnRueqWrbo6V1IWXQvQ7pZc3c8GyH0wyA_29uVe083SYuwUJBo3Bh2mOqyLLjpZe7Rjk_za8B6GA7gOoDNXJDiqt/s1293/NAACP%20search.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1293" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8iaCSV7P4nN99xXUK73l1159ScNQIh-_L00ZMkZfL3cXRMJ6b4l1jx6ljPlXEYeOS3oTt4SzWfh9DHsYODVazBKxov_0BnYv3bXDQvnRueqWrbo6V1IWXQvQ7pZc3c8GyH0wyA_29uVe083SYuwUJBo3Bh2mOqyLLjpZe7Rjk_za8B6GA7gOoDNXJDiqt/s320/NAACP%20search.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> EmpireADC offers a lot of benefits to a small repository like
us. For a one-time fee of $50, we get a place to share our finding aids that we
don’t have to maintain. We also get skilled tech support for assistance with
uploading and maintaining the finding aids. And that’s on top of the free
advertising we get just from being on the site! </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the month-and-a-half we’ve been members, I have uploaded at
least one finding aid a day. A finding aid is an index for an archival collection
which provides additional context about the creator(s) of the collection and
the circumstances under which the collection was created, as well as the
collection’s size and organization. As of this past Friday, 46 finding aids are
live. Only 265 to go! Unfortunately, there’s a bit of work to convert our old
finding aids into the format required by EmpireADC. Still, by this time next
year I hope to have all our old collections posted and get started sharing the
finding aids for our newest acquisitions. If you like data entry, please
consider volunteering to help with the process. Check out our current finding
aids here: </span><a href="https://www.empireadc.org/search/repositories/nelmhi"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://www.empireadc.org/search/repositories/nelmhi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<h1><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Some of my favorite recently uploaded finding aids
include the Ganung Real Estate Collection, the United Baptist Church
Collection, and the Philip Burnham Research Papers.</span></h1>
<h1><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ganung
Real Estate Collection contains photographs, listing details, and other
documents associated with properties sold by the Ganung Realty Company from
1936-1960. It is a veritable gold mine for anyone searching the history of
their home. (<a href="https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5304">https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5304</a>)</span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The United Baptist Church Collection contains the combined
records of the First Baptist Church and Southside Baptist Church of Elmira.
This includes membership records dating back to the 1820s, making it a valuable
resource for genealogists. (<a href="https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5241">https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5241</a>)
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Philip Burnham Research Papers contain Mr. Burnham’s
research notes and source material for his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">So Far From Dixie</i> about the Elmira Prison Camp. This is actually
one of our newest collections. (<a href="https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5246">https://www.empireadc.org/search/catalog/nelmhi_5246</a>)</span></p>
Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-24825104324754687352023-09-04T03:00:00.009-07:002023-09-04T03:00:00.136-07:00Fire Truck<p><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Susan Zehnder, Education Director</span></p><p><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">In 1923, the clang of a brass bell and the
wail of a hand-pumped siren alerted people that a fire truck was on the way. Our
current exhibit, “It’s About Time: 100 years of Chemung County Historical
Society” features a 1923 American LaFrance Brockway Torpedo Fire Truck which could
have been seen on the streets in the early 20</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">th</sup><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> century. After being
beautifully restored, it was donated to the historical society in 2011. It has
become a popular artifact. For this exhibit, the fire truck is displayed in the
gallery against a large picture of East Water Street from the 1920s. You can
almost imagine it racing through the city streets to the scene of a fire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpL-pA-WCom0tKcFOSgQRjiskk6YbYFEQblmQsBCFqk55LSsbjmeX2tXJosXEv2VIc6cWyQLVuvqfOwH9qG-FNWcHL3kZrsPsAeL2qy7SzGrApZessbx0axQ4evu5gFv1jBRGAoOtaO0L_cTdSWkHWtw3wtk-lo0MFO3QB1cBQ0WIdppxOoTIFMU6Dube7/s4032/1923.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpL-pA-WCom0tKcFOSgQRjiskk6YbYFEQblmQsBCFqk55LSsbjmeX2tXJosXEv2VIc6cWyQLVuvqfOwH9qG-FNWcHL3kZrsPsAeL2qy7SzGrApZessbx0axQ4evu5gFv1jBRGAoOtaO0L_cTdSWkHWtw3wtk-lo0MFO3QB1cBQ0WIdppxOoTIFMU6Dube7/s320/1923.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />Back in the 19</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">th</sup><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> century, the city
had speed restrictions. When responding to a fire, engines were limited to no
more than 6 miles per hour in order to prevent accidents. The city also ordered
fire companies not to compete with each other, which was harder to enforce.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Competition seems to have been part of firefighting
culture. Fires were always a constant danger when many buildings were still
being constructed out of wood. In the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century, a fire on
Water Street burned down 18 wooden buildings. It destroyed property, homes,
businesses and livelihoods. Another fire in 1866, called the Lake Street fire, burned
most of the buildings between Water and Carroll Streets. The fire companies did
their best to contain them. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBwwq5uMvSVEzph6FfrfaBXkZUGfD13OLvu3bxJEipCHrjpfQlZT3LxCRzEy_Q2ZXQOFle-F_uCWAXPwdYbEqhPtNbxfkD-MYgd9OoddWV9Vr5Vds2M9aQyZfn2akO_5tSf1j5vDx3VLq398ZxXJrOgnOytWTL2Ndaa_nAeV3aEZJCf69xzw9urNY9sI1I/s1700/FIREExempt197302880007.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1505" data-original-width="1700" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBwwq5uMvSVEzph6FfrfaBXkZUGfD13OLvu3bxJEipCHrjpfQlZT3LxCRzEy_Q2ZXQOFle-F_uCWAXPwdYbEqhPtNbxfkD-MYgd9OoddWV9Vr5Vds2M9aQyZfn2akO_5tSf1j5vDx3VLq398ZxXJrOgnOytWTL2Ndaa_nAeV3aEZJCf69xzw9urNY9sI1I/s320/FIREExempt197302880007.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />During much of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, firefighting
was the responsibility of individual volunteer fire companies. They sprang up
all around the city and had spirited names like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ours 4</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neptune, Goodell</i>,
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Young American</i>. Not far from
today’s museum was the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Red Rover</i> fire
company, situated just across the street.. <o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">It was prestigious to be appointed a firefighter
and the volunteer work attracted young men looking for adventure. The men were
also drawn to the pageantry, parades, social affairs, and dances associated
with the culture of firefighting. When a fire broke out, companies competed to
be first to respond.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy6UpqBCftvaXlQEsAUAPq3zREPlXn1Wh81yEr-LXtUFcSNn0RG9mJSfgJyP_trh1XKT34eSAhtuXEORaPdwG1FFORnLrdPnPAevuvWS_E-b-0a7nUqnbz7nxkVpev-3sLee9QSH2BxeHeBjQwAbzEwONG_i0gDDHuaBF0_K9QBjd7yLtE7I3CAnREW-Es/s938/FIREhouse197302850002.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="938" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy6UpqBCftvaXlQEsAUAPq3zREPlXn1Wh81yEr-LXtUFcSNn0RG9mJSfgJyP_trh1XKT34eSAhtuXEORaPdwG1FFORnLrdPnPAevuvWS_E-b-0a7nUqnbz7nxkVpev-3sLee9QSH2BxeHeBjQwAbzEwONG_i0gDDHuaBF0_K9QBjd7yLtE7I3CAnREW-Es/s320/FIREhouse197302850002.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />In the spring of 1878, the city council voted
to establish a professional fire department, calling it the Elmira Fire
Department (EFD.) The various volunteer companies would not be recognized. Reluctantly,
the volunteer fire companies participated in one final parade to celebrate their
hard work before they handed over their engines, hoses, hooks, ladders and
other equipment to city authorities. Some fire company members ended up taking
jobs with EFD and were now paid $100 a year. The department’s new headquarters
were located on Market Street in a brick building which no longer exists.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The American LaFrance Company, manufacturer
of our Fire Truck on display, began in the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century. The
young fire equipment company attracted local investors like Alexander Diven,
his sons, Judge Brooks, Charles J. Langdon, John T. Rathbun, and Colonel
William Falck who saw potential in the young company. American LaFrance soon
became known as one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of fire engines
and apparatus in the country. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Apparently not just the country, but the
world. Early American LaFrance fire trucks were built using chassis from the
Brockway Truck Company, located in Cortland, New York. There’s a great story
about a 1925 American LaFrance fire truck from Argentina. In 1960, Buenos Aires
Fire Department volunteers decided it was time to trade in their fire truck and
drove it from South America to North American ending up in New York City. The volunteer
firefighters, who were a butcher, locksmith, building engineer, and chauffeur, didn’t
realize that Cortland was still miles away. Volunteer fire companies along their
way provided them with shelter, food, and gasoline. When the news got to the
Brockway Truck Company, they drove down to the City and escorted the
firefighters to Cortland before shipping them back to Argentina along with a
new fire truck.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwVmoCH0tedcQq6x83mFKHHXDD-r-BP07yN6F0pX1a4i5Z1EQpOtD5SfC4sG8KXybbt7i3AQr1UWd5sqnMr85P53a53KqiUvYeQYDpGDoUIZRjVTBVkkJmEpr4kLtDABAx6jAPGZjxXu7mvcVVzLPV4R0WN1xqGxpcu48B6Zac6HLeNvqWOgZk94tWXX2c/s1272/The_Morning_Call_1960_05_15_page_24.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="1272" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwVmoCH0tedcQq6x83mFKHHXDD-r-BP07yN6F0pX1a4i5Z1EQpOtD5SfC4sG8KXybbt7i3AQr1UWd5sqnMr85P53a53KqiUvYeQYDpGDoUIZRjVTBVkkJmEpr4kLtDABAx6jAPGZjxXu7mvcVVzLPV4R0WN1xqGxpcu48B6Zac6HLeNvqWOgZk94tWXX2c/s320/The_Morning_Call_1960_05_15_page_24.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Headline, The Morning Call, May 15, 1960</td></tr></tbody></table><i><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This year CCHS installed exhibits on fire
fighters in four of the local public schools. Along with borrowed items (not in
use) kindly lent to us by the Elmira Fire Department, these displays highlight
some firefighting equipment and clothing.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Drop by to see our red shiny 1923 fire truck
on display. You can hear its siren and bell by accessing a QR code in the
exhibit and imagine yourself scurrying out of the way as it makes its way to a
fire.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Other blogs on fire fighters include a
profile of Elmira’s first Black Firefighter. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2021/02/elmiras-first-black-firefighter.html"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2021/02/elmiras-first-black-firefighter.html</span></a><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">And a blog on the earlier bucket brigades.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2017/03/we-work-for-glory.html"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">https://chemungcountyhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/2017/03/we-work-for-glory.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-60882131320195569132023-08-21T07:46:00.005-07:002023-08-21T07:49:50.662-07:00A Woman in Uniform <p> By Curator, Monica Groth </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fxAiIF8Jc3fQAZZudkuzlqMqgs0YlCaCIADjv7FHkfvDorAEL3UGq_P8_VD6s63LWuIRvnuFT04vFjNV4LR3e5Dzo8EMDDfRn_nLsiEtHUZu7R6KZ_7TPXEWtjC7qhkLV8_LA_CL2wQ3IN_xVIXnwlRf44WNl7oBVLM-oTMpYNI1RHUL3yZsb-LHLUKu/s741/WAC%20recruit.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="472" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fxAiIF8Jc3fQAZZudkuzlqMqgs0YlCaCIADjv7FHkfvDorAEL3UGq_P8_VD6s63LWuIRvnuFT04vFjNV4LR3e5Dzo8EMDDfRn_nLsiEtHUZu7R6KZ_7TPXEWtjC7qhkLV8_LA_CL2wQ3IN_xVIXnwlRf44WNl7oBVLM-oTMpYNI1RHUL3yZsb-LHLUKu/s320/WAC%20recruit.jpg" width="204" /></a></div><p>During World War II, some 16 million Americans served in the military, over 350,000 of whom were women. Chemung County is home to a number of remarkable female veterans. An upcoming exhibit features the uniforms of 4 local women who served their country in different ways during WWII, the single deadliest conflict history had yet witnessed. </p><p>U.S. Marine Capt. Marie Snow (1921-2016) was born on a farm in Norfolk, New York. She was living with her sister in Syracuse when the Women’s Reserve of the Marine Corps was established in 1942. The Women’s Reserve placed women in stateside positions within the Marine Corps, freeing men for combat duty. When Marie’s brother-in-law, a veteran of WWI, teased her that she couldn’t make it as a Marine, she enlisted to prove him wrong. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDCuuYEvlKQGZuWH1x7a6yrKG8TMI2n0CGQPD3d_473XEVD4B3r2wQ1eGe4tgGQXdvM5unYYYL1rIhV2G60h64zJEmit3_t0pEF_f9TccyJvpsBAbF0Bl1UYIhyZgScWxBQvmIFadfZj2KUJt1Qh-JOgPEZuEKHuUdmhel8tP083gPpU1mnhrpSacrOK_/s812/marie%20doyle.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="812" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDCuuYEvlKQGZuWH1x7a6yrKG8TMI2n0CGQPD3d_473XEVD4B3r2wQ1eGe4tgGQXdvM5unYYYL1rIhV2G60h64zJEmit3_t0pEF_f9TccyJvpsBAbF0Bl1UYIhyZgScWxBQvmIFadfZj2KUJt1Qh-JOgPEZuEKHuUdmhel8tP083gPpU1mnhrpSacrOK_/s320/marie%20doyle.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U.S. Marine Capt. Marie Snow, c. 1945</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 1943, Marie reported for boot camp at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. She then studied accounting, or store-keeping, at Georgia State College for Women in Milledgeville, Georgia and was promoted to sergeant. </p><p>Marie, known to her friends as “Sergeant Snowy,” was posted to California, where she helped organize supplies and wages for troops shipping off to the Pacific Theatre until the end of the war. She also occasionally appeared as an extra in Hollywood morale films. </p><p>Marie met her first husband Marine Sergeant Raymond Doyle on the train home, when she sought his protection from a drunken airman giving her trouble. Marie attended Syracuse University on the GI Bill before moving with Raymond to Elmira in 1948, where she lived until her death. </p><p>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p><p>Army Nurse 1st Lt. Clara Peckham (1917-1996) grew up on Laurel Street in Elmira. She graduated from the Arnot-Ogden Hospital School of Nursing in 1938 and worked at the Veterans Facilities at Bath and Batavia. </p><p>Determined to serve when war broke out, she concealed a heart murmur when enlisting. As the story goes, Clara would shift her position when the stethoscope neared her heart, attempting to disguise its irregular rhythm. It worked and in 1943, she was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Army Air Force, leaving that summer for training at Mitchel Field in Long Island. When Clara later fainted from over-taxing her heart during her time in Long Island, the doctor who had examined her when she enlisted reportedly asked, “who let you in?” To which she replied, “you did!”</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYJnN-MBS5uaRgOgE4Z0u6aU0tqNg7GxsMB-u-cok2t6zF1YZuuWPDEI3yKNlWtoYT-IxwiYtTLZ1jr_0UHw7gkVdQBeB-QjxPfehm82tEDmP-pqftavNKHHi_kFw9dMtvcGOVcHMPV9__-1owZ3YBQom_HLCWVPYN6Xuron0o77sdTzJbgkRUe9qCz0nH/s398/Clara%20Peckham.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="260" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYJnN-MBS5uaRgOgE4Z0u6aU0tqNg7GxsMB-u-cok2t6zF1YZuuWPDEI3yKNlWtoYT-IxwiYtTLZ1jr_0UHw7gkVdQBeB-QjxPfehm82tEDmP-pqftavNKHHi_kFw9dMtvcGOVcHMPV9__-1owZ3YBQom_HLCWVPYN6Xuron0o77sdTzJbgkRUe9qCz0nH/s320/Clara%20Peckham.jpg" width="209" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1st Lt. Clara Peckham, c . 1944<br /><i>Image courtesy of the Star Gazette </i></td></tr></tbody></table><p>By December of that year, Clara had been assigned to active duty abroad providing medical care to wounded soldiers and civilians. As of February 1944, Clara was one of 19 Elmira nurses serving overseas. She worked in the contagious diseases unit at Kuakini Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii. Following training which included learning how to shoot a carbine and swim with her boots and helmet on, she was sent to a field hospital near Okinawa, Japan. She served in Japan until the war ended and was discharged in November of 1945. After returning home, Clara worked as a nurse at Arnot-Ogden Medical Center, St. Joseph’s Hospital, and the Chemung County Nursing Facility, retiring in 1982.</p><p>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p><p>Army Cpt. Rita Eisenberg was born in Binghamton, where she taught high school history classes before deciding to make history herself. As a first-generation American in a family with no sons, Rita believed it was her duty to join the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) in 1942. A year later, the WAAC was made an official part of the US Army and became known as the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). </p><p>Rita was assigned to the Air Force. Following training at Officer Candidate School at Fort Des Moines, she worked suppling the WAC base in Orlando, FL. After further schooling at Fort Leavenworth, she prepared to go overseas as a member of the general staff. However, a friend feared for her safety and used his influence as an army chaplain to have her orders rescinded. Rita was extremely angry about this. She served in Orlando until the war ended and recalls traveling to the Pentagon to finalize supply reports for her area’s bases. </p><p>Following the war, she settled in Elmira, where she and her husband Jess Shapiro were in business on Water Street.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDbMosofWrWGH42sY4-9EvIDTrnFPkJXs5TDO7JcsRqgsTkJxUTf4U2EbawMj6sBjvOadvyClIIoo73NfHo7yHIEtAr80CjxjscYHOn83XeU03j1V5az1EBUPXvH_xlre2ahoC_ch4PNfssGLrnxSboHLbOyQ71ZqENFteDZxMJJUZ5_abTnpb73z2oJ--/s643/Rita%20eisenberg.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="643" data-original-width="487" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDbMosofWrWGH42sY4-9EvIDTrnFPkJXs5TDO7JcsRqgsTkJxUTf4U2EbawMj6sBjvOadvyClIIoo73NfHo7yHIEtAr80CjxjscYHOn83XeU03j1V5az1EBUPXvH_xlre2ahoC_ch4PNfssGLrnxSboHLbOyQ71ZqENFteDZxMJJUZ5_abTnpb73z2oJ--/s320/Rita%20eisenberg.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rita Eisenberg Shapiro at 90, 2006<br /><i>Image courtesy of the Star Gazette</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br />~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br /><p>Jennie Reid (1919-2006) grew up on Elmira’s Eastside. During WWII, she took her civil service exam so she could work at City Hall, where she got a job operating the elevator. Jennie also joined the Women’s Ambulance Defense Corps (WADC).</p><p>The Elmira chapter of the WADC was organized in January of 1942, when 300 women assembled at the Elmira College gymnasium. Women of every race and ethnicity, excluding Japanese, were accepted. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5N8wCw1n7oZ7akYApCJIhfHR4r7qs-R01csvtfQUOSFs-FP9FLAAAJaZp-3H00j-JQnpEzdfITu56kvVd-OQMq8eqVqaxuR6u1zDvIUlaMOQ8VHwp4vy7f1H9CeqJHf5LQcZYZpmjD57sV1JA1aMIW1PpfhmR68AYoW3syl_EU_4L1grzP6JWY7JsR3s/s193/jennie%20dunmyer.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="125" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5N8wCw1n7oZ7akYApCJIhfHR4r7qs-R01csvtfQUOSFs-FP9FLAAAJaZp-3H00j-JQnpEzdfITu56kvVd-OQMq8eqVqaxuR6u1zDvIUlaMOQ8VHwp4vy7f1H9CeqJHf5LQcZYZpmjD57sV1JA1aMIW1PpfhmR68AYoW3syl_EU_4L1grzP6JWY7JsR3s/w207-h320/jennie%20dunmyer.jpg" width="207" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jennie Reid, c. 1943</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The WADC served many roles in civilian defense and preparedness. They trained in first aid; conducted air-raid and blackout drills; and practiced blackout driving and field maneuvers. Members also studied rifle and pistol use and radio communication. The WADC operated canteens for service men at the Erie and DL&W Railroad stations in Elmira.</p><p>Jennie was a member of the AME Zion Church, the Eastern Star, Neighborhood House, and the NAACP. </p><p>Numerous women in the county also served in other areas of civil defense, working as air raid wardens or volunteers. Women helped the war effort on the homefront by selling war bonds, planting victory gardens, and organizing scrap metal drives. Many also worked in factories making war critical technologies, and took on jobs previously held by men then serving overseas.</p><p>Stop by and take a closer look at these women's uniforms to appreciate the many ways that women assisted their country during WWII.</p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-8673821968694017412023-08-07T05:00:00.001-07:002023-08-07T05:00:00.146-07:00Elmira Rolling Mills<p><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">By Rachel Dworkin, archivist</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">There’s something
neat about shows like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How It’s Made</i>.
If you, like me, have never worked in manufacturing, industrial processes can
feel like something of a mystery. Over the years, Elmirans have made everything
from aluminum cans to woolen cloth. From 1861 to 1883, the Elmira Rolling Mill
Co. made iron.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Elmira Rolling
Mill Co. was founded in 1860. On May 16, 1861, the plant, located on Hatch
Street between East 5<sup>th</sup> and East Washington Streets, began
operation. The original structure was 180’ by 80’ and had five furnaces and
three steam engines. The plant grew substantially during the 1860s with the
addition of two new buildings. By 1865, the mill consisted of three buildings
housing the original rolling mill, plus two pudding mills, and a merchant bar
mill. The equipment included 24 furnaces, 8 steam engines, 5 trains of rolls,
two roll lathes, and one Burden squeezer. The company was using all this
equipment to manufacture 22,000 tons of iron each year. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Here’s how it all
worked. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Step 1 – Arrival
of Raw Materials</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">In order to make
their iron, the Elmira Rolling Mills needed massive amounts of raw iron and
coal. These materials arrived at the plant on canal boats and on the dedicated
rail spurs which ran to the factory. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Fzp_QZG7BprD7GCr27WkmDD50lxySMKJcyZiQi_eEiqenc7NMeo49LN8leWkFomnhs2ee3IQs8gAZj_Z_NaMn9WA_D00loLh8HqngVHd3kPPoKF1GQ3AK14m_g1frdBuEYvm1W1U08leXiTKw5hoHnZUeknUmq4mu0scSF-j5XcQUF_2VfxnK3B-dn2R/s3993/Junction%20Canal%20&%20Rolling%20Mills%20(600%20dpi).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3993" data-original-width="3811" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Fzp_QZG7BprD7GCr27WkmDD50lxySMKJcyZiQi_eEiqenc7NMeo49LN8leWkFomnhs2ee3IQs8gAZj_Z_NaMn9WA_D00loLh8HqngVHd3kPPoKF1GQ3AK14m_g1frdBuEYvm1W1U08leXiTKw5hoHnZUeknUmq4mu0scSF-j5XcQUF_2VfxnK3B-dn2R/s320/Junction%20Canal%20&%20Rolling%20Mills%20(600%20dpi).jpg" width="305" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Canal boats unloading in front of Elmira Rolling Mills, ca. 1870<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Step 2 – Heating
the Materials</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The raw iron
needed to be heated in order to burn off any impurities and to make it
malleable. It was usually heated to somewhere above 462 degrees Fahrenheit.
This is iron’s recrystallization temperature, or the point at which the iron’s
previous crystalline structure is broken down and reformed anew but not yet
melted.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">At the Elmira
Rolling Mills, this was done in coal-fired pudding furnaces. Pudding is the
process of converting raw iron into usable wrought iron by heating it in a special
furnace where the metal and the fuel were not in direct contact. The process
was first developed in England in the 1780s. I have no idea why it’s called
pudding. Heated iron can absorb chemical impurities given off by the burning
fuel. Coal, for example, gives off sulfur which can make the metal brittle. By
using a pudding mill, the Elmira Rolling Mills could heat their iron using coal
without having to worry about introducing sulfur to their iron.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzur8oNaW9i2wZBWLPJ1TzRu5ZudOvbc5xrLVljRIyRkJ9IolSSxcN3-AxoWLLvMHKoLv2TVEKa7V3mXOdUNKnah70DhJn2gyc6fN8BcltInUbUNHjkE7Cr1kFv0ShAZp-Enwvo8c3FS0tS6HVYf12-6dc3aT9IRuMImKXyWrrVymo-xUOtcPGmcmhUBBa/s450/Puddling_furnace.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="450" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzur8oNaW9i2wZBWLPJ1TzRu5ZudOvbc5xrLVljRIyRkJ9IolSSxcN3-AxoWLLvMHKoLv2TVEKa7V3mXOdUNKnah70DhJn2gyc6fN8BcltInUbUNHjkE7Cr1kFv0ShAZp-Enwvo8c3FS0tS6HVYf12-6dc3aT9IRuMImKXyWrrVymo-xUOtcPGmcmhUBBa/s320/Puddling_furnace.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Diagram of a pudding furnace<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Step 3 – Squeezing</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Once the iron was
removed from the pudding furnace, it needed to be forced into a useable shape.
Traditionally, this was done by teams of strong men with big hammers. In 1840,
Henry Burden of Troy, New York, invented his rotary concentric squeezer which
performed the same task with a lot less time and effort. The Elmira Rolling
Mills had a Burden squeezer they used to force their heated iron into shape.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Step 4 – Rolling</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Rolling is a
metalworking process where heated metal stock is forced through one or more
pairs of rollers to reduce thickness or give it a more uniform shape. A series
of multiple rollers is known as a train. The first roll produces a plate of
metal. A slitting, latte, or bar roller is used to slice the metal up into bars
of various widths, shapes, and thicknesses. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTckSm2ummM9NIFMuPSRJ9OyYnCb_2kjXkYpLtBUQWyjNcayXW7YA0sngIgezEBJAbH1F2kwliOFoXBUNzALM_qtOENMUoBBgkYd5r718O7NyuZRvmuPrLQQgFcdmCeP2Bo5AkEFapSUTSA1fCa7YILr0J3DXhe17tB2mtvpxx-H9cf4OCa37SJ04qhnq3/s600/Slitting_mill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="365" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTckSm2ummM9NIFMuPSRJ9OyYnCb_2kjXkYpLtBUQWyjNcayXW7YA0sngIgezEBJAbH1F2kwliOFoXBUNzALM_qtOENMUoBBgkYd5r718O7NyuZRvmuPrLQQgFcdmCeP2Bo5AkEFapSUTSA1fCa7YILr0J3DXhe17tB2mtvpxx-H9cf4OCa37SJ04qhnq3/s320/Slitting_mill.jpg" width="195" /></a></div><br /> The Elmira Rolling
Mills had five trains of rolls which could produce square bars, round bars,
oval bars, half-round bars, and half-oval bars in various thicknesses. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The company used coal-fired steam engines to
power their rollers. <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Step 5 – Sale</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Initially, the
Elmira Rolling Mill’s main clients were railroads for whom they made rails. In
1863, the company added a merchant bar mill so they could offer iron bars in
more shapes and sizes to a wide variety of clients.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcqJJURyTZ-gkJyT8Px3tGRmrn9wPiq-dCpY_6dK55r1ss0Oc_yk4ObXIUGiEDin5k2Xr7Tblc7Fc1zap40MByOE34EZPsM7y1KbtWag9g_awJCCIfpU7tA_CzW96_Ai8eazEz337_LsEaW6zso8gzTitKmfAup5UzDN_6x47-PC7a_bVZj1TlGJ6WRSV-/s955/ERM0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="955" data-original-width="574" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcqJJURyTZ-gkJyT8Px3tGRmrn9wPiq-dCpY_6dK55r1ss0Oc_yk4ObXIUGiEDin5k2Xr7Tblc7Fc1zap40MByOE34EZPsM7y1KbtWag9g_awJCCIfpU7tA_CzW96_Ai8eazEz337_LsEaW6zso8gzTitKmfAup5UzDN_6x47-PC7a_bVZj1TlGJ6WRSV-/s320/ERM0001.jpg" width="192" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VtYg1bJOVDIJ8340Qqyk6c8n07qU_MGaXjhTy5LnvhGQJRS6f7ggNcxzFPMK2IBQlgYuhVv5S0T0gwKP-I_ploAVsb8ohPA0oKn8k-KQGiBaix0duo0r78pk7xfottHB9ysKjB4l7A2YumROHCEpNmAlmNxdyecMsQitsn_oU6VHvKSCQU5RtUCfmQSY/s1700/ERM0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="952" data-original-width="1700" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7VtYg1bJOVDIJ8340Qqyk6c8n07qU_MGaXjhTy5LnvhGQJRS6f7ggNcxzFPMK2IBQlgYuhVv5S0T0gwKP-I_ploAVsb8ohPA0oKn8k-KQGiBaix0duo0r78pk7xfottHB9ysKjB4l7A2YumROHCEpNmAlmNxdyecMsQitsn_oU6VHvKSCQU5RtUCfmQSY/s320/ERM0002.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">At its peak, the
Elmira Rolling Mills employed around 400 people and was one of the city’s
largest employers. By the 1880s, the railroad industry had switched to using steel
for their rails. The company was not equipped for steel manufacturing and found
it could not keep up with the manufacturing centers of Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. In 1883, the workers went on strike for higher wages. In response,
the company permanently shut their doors. Although iron is no longer made in
Elmira, the process used at the Elmira Rolling Mills is largely still used
today, abet with different power sources. </span></p>
Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-90237244658562565302023-07-24T04:04:00.002-07:002023-07-24T04:25:04.130-07:00Paved Streets<p> by Susan Zehnder, Education Director</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKhiHVWTuV7nam7gu55OT0zaE8zVffsbHeg5llaY82VXBdJ48lOfpfDO5Jx_ZFycwhKGRUGP7PX4WLdyL5UAiWavtf02PBeZU8MNMv4A07ebeFS8YczNViIo1dwksIv79FZbrv5ZoLOH1p9-L3K-TIMsowp4vgfqmA4liF95VIb4OPRdfOcs-GwyT_vWh/s939/AsphaltGraders.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="735" data-original-width="939" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwKhiHVWTuV7nam7gu55OT0zaE8zVffsbHeg5llaY82VXBdJ48lOfpfDO5Jx_ZFycwhKGRUGP7PX4WLdyL5UAiWavtf02PBeZU8MNMv4A07ebeFS8YczNViIo1dwksIv79FZbrv5ZoLOH1p9-L3K-TIMsowp4vgfqmA4liF95VIb4OPRdfOcs-GwyT_vWh/s320/AsphaltGraders.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Street grader in Chemung County</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Driving during the summer can often be frustrating. Sometimes it
feels like every road you come across is in the process of being built, or
badly needs to be repaired. To add to the frustration, drivers navigating
construction zones, summer weather, and road conditions often have a short
supply of patience. It’s as if the smell of asphalt goes along with hot air and
hot tempers.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">In its purest form, asphalt is the hardened form of petroleum.
Currently, the United States leads in petroleum production, and it was in our
region that one of the world's first petroleum deposits, located in what is now
western Pennsylvania, was used by the Seneca. As far back as the 15th century,
the indigenous group was known to use the sticky substance for healing lotions
and in ceremonial fires.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVFjLI-na2xMMxIsEdfPc-n--0K0fnh9SKU_Ex5kDvI7sxo5zqz0uzuFm9L9z3ceYaik8hI7OUrm6H4BizO5uLcp7yJ5rSlhW_7KieVYXVDc8wGSn-aFKmoNwD-9RasGum1hCnu1hakrqAjiLmJsQcFDaeqRZWl9f8AW1VqSx_ORgPwLZYvBtV14E3mBZn/s3644/blogs201000830005.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3000" data-original-width="3644" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVFjLI-na2xMMxIsEdfPc-n--0K0fnh9SKU_Ex5kDvI7sxo5zqz0uzuFm9L9z3ceYaik8hI7OUrm6H4BizO5uLcp7yJ5rSlhW_7KieVYXVDc8wGSn-aFKmoNwD-9RasGum1hCnu1hakrqAjiLmJsQcFDaeqRZWl9f8AW1VqSx_ORgPwLZYvBtV14E3mBZn/s320/blogs201000830005.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Road construction in Chemung County</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Using asphalt for paving road surfaces starts to show up in the
late 19<sup>th </sup>century. At first, Elmira’s busier streets were covered
with either vitrified (a heating process to harden) bricks over sand or Medina
stone, a material discovered during construction of the Erie Canal. For a while,
these surfaces stood up to ever increasing traffic. But when the area’s
population passed 30,000 people, it became clear that the city’s roads needed
more attention. Local officials turned to newer technologies. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Engineers
had been using petroleum in liquid form as a road cover for gravel-covered
streets. They found it helpful in keeping the road surface intact and reducing the
dust kicked up by traffic. Then Edward Joseph de Smedt, a Belgian immigrant,
chemist, and professor at Columbia University, came up with another idea for
using petroleum. Using the material in hardened form, he developed what he
called asphalt concrete. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">De
Smedt’s process mixed crude petroleum with construction materials, like sand
and gravel, then dried the mixture into sheets that were laid down on a gravel
road. The sheets were applied in layers, with each layer compacted to create a
flexible and stronger surface. Through trial and error, de Smedt was convinced
that the new layered pavement was successful. In July 1870, the first asphalt
road was paved in Newark, NJ. Much to the chagrin of another man, de Smedt went
on to be called the inventor of asphalt paving.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5zzmDaTl-5s8Omc9Bg_DVWK-iInB3ttdvl-E8X4a5DPHuwmPxw8nyrK8btoha9D-riypsekqt5OG2jE1DDPaTyKiTSN5JCkNEbc-JLryhJdM1XtHA-jfYCwJFhqUH7cADDX5Kop9o38xhqQvnSJxO8tQ7skoT2NKxFWjTTWZjGWNhFJvAlkQYkNKlElz/s307/Averell.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="307" data-original-width="250" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5zzmDaTl-5s8Omc9Bg_DVWK-iInB3ttdvl-E8X4a5DPHuwmPxw8nyrK8btoha9D-riypsekqt5OG2jE1DDPaTyKiTSN5JCkNEbc-JLryhJdM1XtHA-jfYCwJFhqUH7cADDX5Kop9o38xhqQvnSJxO8tQ7skoT2NKxFWjTTWZjGWNhFJvAlkQYkNKlElz/s1600/Averell.jpg" width="250" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Averell</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That
other man was General William W. Averell from Bath, NY. During his Civil War
service, Averell had come across naturally dried petroleum or asphalt in the
Carolinas. Seeing its potential, he formed the Grahamite Asphalt Pavement
Company, and set himself up as its president. In 1870, while observing de Smedt’s
approach, Averell saw problems. He went on to experiment on his own and in 1878,
Averell filed a patent, “Improvement in Asphaltic Pavement” staking his claim
to fame.<o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO3jOkNkoy9hphmkgWB1NiRsZcME4FfycV90iRArRecDVHKsjgETH3hejBvXuiiHgfqzHGy-vjEhJy0Icj31SShU-xYyqOgaWeupkvcawJ8k4JF1nJf8VOoCB9i8vxonExutd4sJbT5BgdsGIWfXc6AC_iZUT3MKUGDuIUwgW8rTcRgYJWXUbCEtAjR1B8/s292/Barber.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="292" data-original-width="220" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO3jOkNkoy9hphmkgWB1NiRsZcME4FfycV90iRArRecDVHKsjgETH3hejBvXuiiHgfqzHGy-vjEhJy0Icj31SShU-xYyqOgaWeupkvcawJ8k4JF1nJf8VOoCB9i8vxonExutd4sJbT5BgdsGIWfXc6AC_iZUT3MKUGDuIUwgW8rTcRgYJWXUbCEtAjR1B8/s1600/Barber.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amzi Barber: The King of Asphalt</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Other investors and
entrepreneurs swarmed to get in on the new financial opportunities. An American
businessman, Amzi L. Barber, decided the best way to make money in the asphalt
business was to control the source of petroleum. He set about buying mineral
rights. Barber, later known as the Asphalt King, already held financial
interests in real estate and the Locomobile Company of America, one of the
first American automobile manufacturers. Barber believed that both of these
benefited from having paved streets. Barber bought some of de Smedt’s patents
and went into business with his brother-in-law, Buffalo industrialist John J.
Albright, establishing the Barber Asphalt Company.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Barber Asphalt was competitive and bid for work all around the
country. In 1895, Elmira leaders decided to pave the first roads in asphalt and
awarded the contract to Barber over a local firm, Costello & Neagle. West
Church Street, west of Main was paved that summer. The Barber Asphalt Company
beat Costello & Neagle at least one more time in 1897, underbidding them by only .01 cent per square yard.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">By the turn of the century, the Barber Asphalt Company had laid
more than 12 million square yards of asphalt pavement in 70 American cities to
the amount of $35 million, well over a billion dollars today. Most of Barber’s
business ventures seem to have been successful, but they were not without
controversy. Numerous reports of international bribes, faulty patent use, and
coercion led to lawsuits against the company, including one filed by General
Averell, who challenged Barber’s use of patents. Averell won and was awarded
nearly $400,000, about $11 million in today’s money. Despite this vindication,
Averell was never able to change the narrative of who invented pavement. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHa2jL4Eu50OLxRvx7Hc4R9cY9NETjBhcBvRYCtzPcsVCYnyca0TSfs91BB5SQ_reg6Skhm-aW2XE4CFapcTQNuNo4nhJyRL37Zk6Yq3UevINdsQDBs_WQ5c_dUKpXEuKPNmWEUbfAtVuK7_2xrEO9NPDbMo7rUhxSUxdkTSLU4pJnwyIOIIpgGbkNi4WB/s872/AverellSettlement.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="872" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHa2jL4Eu50OLxRvx7Hc4R9cY9NETjBhcBvRYCtzPcsVCYnyca0TSfs91BB5SQ_reg6Skhm-aW2XE4CFapcTQNuNo4nhJyRL37Zk6Yq3UevINdsQDBs_WQ5c_dUKpXEuKPNmWEUbfAtVuK7_2xrEO9NPDbMo7rUhxSUxdkTSLU4pJnwyIOIIpgGbkNi4WB/s320/AverellSettlement.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Star-Gazette March 6, 1896</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />Another unsuccessful Barber venture was his attempt to establish
The Asphalt Trust by consolidating companies and creating a monopoly. It was
ultimately denied by the federal courts and the trust collapsed. Even so, Barber’s
wealth seemed to endure. When he died in 1909 of pneumonia at the age of 66, he
left his second wife, Julie Louise Langdon, first cousin to Olivia Langdon of
Elmira, and five children an inheritance said to be worth millions. However in
the spring of 1913, the New York Times reported that six years before he died, he
had sold off many of his interests to his brother-in-law for a guaranteed annual
income of $12,000.<o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Today the majority of American roads are paved with asphalt. It
continues to be one of the least costly methods to use even though it means
that summer also seems like road repair season. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-17401093066301812662023-07-10T04:00:00.001-07:002023-07-10T04:00:00.138-07:00Behind the Scenes<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">By Monica
Groth, Curator</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_zYRxfqXWHEgx-ifp01HcG33HU5TmFXChS90iLtX77E_eSlS3u0yPnXxStzxO3yXmQOvCcaOARK8h3LxJRFEUsEkTwVygLvR1WuX9PP_-BOjBZ-Ba308Zlqpzliapjjsmf1prJPBRNBznwDvxdilnB45fB2AxzIALfBB6XGyEUiZVcetYVPkAsXKsBIru/s561/M.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="561" data-original-width="561" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_zYRxfqXWHEgx-ifp01HcG33HU5TmFXChS90iLtX77E_eSlS3u0yPnXxStzxO3yXmQOvCcaOARK8h3LxJRFEUsEkTwVygLvR1WuX9PP_-BOjBZ-Ba308Zlqpzliapjjsmf1prJPBRNBznwDvxdilnB45fB2AxzIALfBB6XGyEUiZVcetYVPkAsXKsBIru/s320/M.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">This year, the Chemung County
Historical Society celebrates its 100</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> anniversary. To kick off our
commemorative year, we’ve opened the exhibit </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">It’s About Time: Celebrating
100 Years of the Chemung County Historical Society.</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">This exhibit is truly special – it
gives you, the viewer, a behind the scenes look into the sort of work the
Historical Society does. What is it we’re up to all day? What’s the point of
having us around? It also features some great objects, specifically a 1923
American LaFrance Brockway Torpedo Fire Engine, and photos and documents
discovered in our institutional archives and displayed for the first time.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR3_eLGoaCxlrj0Me0axN6_7MjC6wb1Tkf7BAg8dV66BxnexudenG6-u9YklcCi22vSDeYlVHQzL9BKK6FP9-w_6QpWamE27L9NIFDd-9GXp_OEyxc7Z-bTJlBiIf8AzoMJUnTCjXobthsmHSTz6lvhwBaeSFAiYILaGmvPa2_5LM-FpLOjs8l2dBHg0ab/s652/M2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="652" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR3_eLGoaCxlrj0Me0axN6_7MjC6wb1Tkf7BAg8dV66BxnexudenG6-u9YklcCi22vSDeYlVHQzL9BKK6FP9-w_6QpWamE27L9NIFDd-9GXp_OEyxc7Z-bTJlBiIf8AzoMJUnTCjXobthsmHSTz6lvhwBaeSFAiYILaGmvPa2_5LM-FpLOjs8l2dBHg0ab/s320/M2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gallery being prepared for installation</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">The exhibit endeavors to answer
questions people might have about the purpose of a historical society:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we add new items to the
collection?</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Well, donated items are assigned
special numbers, known as accession numbers, when they are accepted into our
collection. In the exhibit, you can see examples of how we write that number on
different materials – fabric, paper, earrings made of human hair…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we take care of the collection?</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keeping stuff in good shape for over a
hundred years is no mean feat. In this section of the exhibit, we’ll explain
how materials break down as they age. Temperature and humidity must be kept in
check in all storage areas and galleries to prevent chemical reactions or mold
growth from occurring. Check out the equipment we use to monitor the climate in
our collections. Look through a microscope at an example of mold that can
damage historic items. Check out the magnified verdigris forming on a 150-year-old
mechanical pencil, and watch as light causes a modern newspaper to fade over
time. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoCaption"><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGsOb6q78JpEv9xlgvSkwuHjWbIs2_hadCD9_m4IKpo7gkjAPFWp0EJcWbOBqouhPJry7cV9jfkgrYa7S-Vakm-uWx_ReuyKXGZGdae5X7FIMv-2ZF5kWr-oIxwhFfeNIN_o5G3DwIuEFmERnywKoTmfGGxV3mVRCPAIVPHt2BMVCkkkXhpBRU-wJ4JKm/s678/M4.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="678" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGsOb6q78JpEv9xlgvSkwuHjWbIs2_hadCD9_m4IKpo7gkjAPFWp0EJcWbOBqouhPJry7cV9jfkgrYa7S-Vakm-uWx_ReuyKXGZGdae5X7FIMv-2ZF5kWr-oIxwhFfeNIN_o5G3DwIuEFmERnywKoTmfGGxV3mVRCPAIVPHt2BMVCkkkXhpBRU-wJ4JKm/s320/M4.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This case highlights how different materials, including wood, metal, glass, and cotton age.</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="color: red; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzEGMa1hKmFjT0zTGMLmP6SQHgSDXGzRk0GLJXOoRg0LNVgCHJhttI7x8V54OiJ2bmGz5esIb2G14goUIf8av_gSDdtDRJbGErDgpNkKkLzM6JgAXOd1uHB5IlBOeSEOGOHImgqOvmNmpBqv2DvVD5ViirDoZlqDRsNlQJH61O-v0n54R1lD6tjNXUH7eb/s523/M5.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="523" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzEGMa1hKmFjT0zTGMLmP6SQHgSDXGzRk0GLJXOoRg0LNVgCHJhttI7x8V54OiJ2bmGz5esIb2G14goUIf8av_gSDdtDRJbGErDgpNkKkLzM6JgAXOd1uHB5IlBOeSEOGOHImgqOvmNmpBqv2DvVD5ViirDoZlqDRsNlQJH61O-v0n54R1lD6tjNXUH7eb/s320/M5.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black;">A magnified view of the common mold of the genus Aspergillus seen through a microscope lens. Molds can cause great damage to museum collections if relative humidity (average moisture in the air) is not kept between 30-55%</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we design exhibits?</span></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s been a unique experience for me,
the curator, to install an exhibit about exhibits. Exhibitions are planned
months in advance and require the help of many collaborators. There are always
engineering projects that I encounter when installing an exhibition. For
example, the image below showcases a stained-glass window lit from behind by an
array of lights constructed specifically for this display (many thanks to
volunteer Kevin Wechtaluk for assisting me with its creation)!</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i style="font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgSSYdSUyLr06b1yyDqA_nJVvw36sBaO2o_cz0kq0zy18H9JEuCCm3AzYOf6txr9oQb1EHUFTTxE2u3S8qyFXqoshjpbUHwMwsxZPLOS97uVdkg6fymF38KRNr_e6dcTr5WA8_cZDQ1fpX5D10U6cfwK_yNKbXbC2gfxP3kvEVzJKCbC_3UeG7oAgFGvu2/s975/M3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="975" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgSSYdSUyLr06b1yyDqA_nJVvw36sBaO2o_cz0kq0zy18H9JEuCCm3AzYOf6txr9oQb1EHUFTTxE2u3S8qyFXqoshjpbUHwMwsxZPLOS97uVdkg6fymF38KRNr_e6dcTr5WA8_cZDQ1fpX5D10U6cfwK_yNKbXbC2gfxP3kvEVzJKCbC_3UeG7oAgFGvu2/w320-h240/M3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">These three objects simplify the exhibit process
from research to completion</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></i></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we recover from disaster?</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Following the flood of 1972, nearly 60%
of the Society’s library was damaged (or outright lost). Volunteers
painstakingly worked to rescue items, freezing a lot of archival documents to
slow their deterioration. Many items in our collection still bear signs of
flood damage. Interestingly, a lot of our donation records were destroyed in
the flood. When going through the institutional archives in researching this
exhibit, we found far fewer records before that fateful year. On display, you
can check out a severely waterlogged and muddy visitor register kept at the Museum
(then located at 304 Williams St.) at the time of the flood. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we help researchers?</span></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a society, we want to make our
county’s history accessible to anyone interested in learning about it. Our
Booth Library, named for our founder Arthur Booth (whose 1928 wool suit is also
on display in the gallery), is open to researchers interested in looking
through the maps, letters, books, and documents which comprise an archive of
over 100,000 items. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSw7g41rC6ubbF7lMd0KjXufYRCgOpyFlxSDKK95sayXKXHiQzDOWbpWncu-vuf4W8MP6TyZJdetW6CIwvx0BATpp_3m9DTWFe1UjQ1WaB7EuOdMWrmUd_3DLp-kTFANA_aIglj3B2dZawN1Q6XOyEJ1OVAi5EMZiYkveVp6hZ1ITu8aUbtxTSh4HNKwET/s589/M6.jpg" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="442" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSw7g41rC6ubbF7lMd0KjXufYRCgOpyFlxSDKK95sayXKXHiQzDOWbpWncu-vuf4W8MP6TyZJdetW6CIwvx0BATpp_3m9DTWFe1UjQ1WaB7EuOdMWrmUd_3DLp-kTFANA_aIglj3B2dZawN1Q6XOyEJ1OVAi5EMZiYkveVp6hZ1ITu8aUbtxTSh4HNKwET/s320/M6.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Archivist Rachel Dworkin by the Library's shelf of Elmira City Directories</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we teach local history?</span></i><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since the society opened its first
public museum in 1954, students have been welcomed into the Museum. Many county
residents will recall their elementary school trips inside our doors to this
day. Be sure to see our Educator Susan Zehnder’s June 12<sup>th</sup> blog
featuring our most recent visitors. Beyond school programs, we’ve hosted
excursions to historic sites around the country (including up the Mississippi
River), created escape rooms, and organized antique shows. Of course, our ever-popular
GhostWalk remains a favorite October event. This year, we’ve invited you all to
our Birthday Party on August 26, 2023!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How else do we share stories?</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do we reach out to people who can’t
visit the Museum? Well…this blog is one example of our growing reach! Since our
first Journal was published in 1955, we’ve created a lot of literature from
which people can learn. The internet allows us to reach a worldwide audience
today and we hope you continue to keep up with us here on our blog and across
our social medias!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whose history do we tell?</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 72.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a society which preserves our
county’s history, it’s important to ensure we are including the stories of all.
For example, our Black Oral History Project highlights black voices in Chemung
County, our new gallery guide pamphlet series leads visitors through the museum
by focusing on different perspectives, and our Heritage Exhibit Series focuses
on the history of a different immigrant community every 6 months. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoCaption"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgli5zYJakIwA967W8tjxoGIdoDqWCRxWBH7tawni5vZX7ADhf4XJQkUNByiiowLzzDk5XB7bYtVjUk52GgfmshN7IJMDtQeFqu-qRg-ea_4PKIBmH2JQ482Hu8bJdy-ckfOW7uuy0e2-pQKlhwjAez27Y2cGRIkRjcn41hcPbUVhKkX8JFHlrewpd-qroW/s566/M7.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="462" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgli5zYJakIwA967W8tjxoGIdoDqWCRxWBH7tawni5vZX7ADhf4XJQkUNByiiowLzzDk5XB7bYtVjUk52GgfmshN7IJMDtQeFqu-qRg-ea_4PKIBmH2JQ482Hu8bJdy-ckfOW7uuy0e2-pQKlhwjAez27Y2cGRIkRjcn41hcPbUVhKkX8JFHlrewpd-qroW/s320/M7.jpg" width="261" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: left;">We also include Native American perspectives; this pair of beaded moccasins on display was made by the Seneca</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: red; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /><br /></span><p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-13126587385595334732023-06-23T10:11:00.000-07:002023-06-23T10:11:02.982-07:00Elmira’s Gay Bars<p> <span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">By Rachel Dworkin, Archivist</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span>
</p><p class="Body"><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"> </span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Since the 1600s, there have been bars and clubs
catering to LGBTQ clientele in most major European cities. Today, such
establishments are generally known as gay bars, even though they cater to more
than just gay men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the United States,
there are a number of bars all claiming to be the first gay bar, most of which
date back to Prohibition and the 1920s or 30s. They are predominantly located
in major East and West Coast cities like New York, San Francisco, and Los
Angeles. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elmira’s first known gay bar was Mary’s Grill at 112
Lake Street. It was owned by Mrs. Marion Stumpf and opened on November 2, 1967.
The bar didn’t exclusively cater to the LGBTQ community, but it was welcoming
of them. I recently interviewed two gay gentlemen who specifically mentioned
Mary’s as their entry into the gay bar scene. Mary’s Grill remained in
operation until around 1980.</span></p><p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5C6knVlEBHM2tEDGX9lQYpjs7Cp6kc-WaQK_6pADE4kBab6erMFCbpvNTGp3R800HOg5ixPP-73t14Y7W0GW9ft9uW1l2tM_zjBWNzqjanJrIt7BZ9NSkUspoOOPrVSll9B6qvMdjR5mzPVTijMTPCCJ3KG47t1zp_RqGUQTTKSpcnSxdIzlICsp3G_om/s525/SG%2029%20Sept%201972.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="261" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5C6knVlEBHM2tEDGX9lQYpjs7Cp6kc-WaQK_6pADE4kBab6erMFCbpvNTGp3R800HOg5ixPP-73t14Y7W0GW9ft9uW1l2tM_zjBWNzqjanJrIt7BZ9NSkUspoOOPrVSll9B6qvMdjR5mzPVTijMTPCCJ3KG47t1zp_RqGUQTTKSpcnSxdIzlICsp3G_om/s320/SG%2029%20Sept%201972.jpg" width="159" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Star-Gazette, </i>September 29, 1972<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /> </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span><p></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The David, owned by John “Jack” Westervelt from 1972
to 1998, catered exclusively to the gay community. It was first located at 203
1/2 Railroad Avenue before moving down the street to 511-513 Railroad Avenue in
1975. Westervelt himself was gay and wanted to create a space where people
could come and be themselves. One of the former patrons recalled it as a fun
place to meet other members of the LGBTQ community. In addition to offering
drinks and some food, The David hosted drag shows by the Legendary Children, a
local troupe of drag performers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bar
closed in 1998 when Westervelt retired. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Historically, gay bars across the nation were heavily
involved in the gay rights movement. When the gay rights movement began in the
late 1960s, homosexual acts were criminalized in every state except Illinois.
Gay bars were frequently raided by police. In fact, a police raid on the
Stonewall Inn in </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DE;">Greenwich Village</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, New York, is the event which inspired the Gay Pride
movement. Gay bars became a place, not just to drink and meet people, but to
organize and resist. As the AIDS epidemic worsened in the 1980s and ‘90s, many
bars became involved in fundraising and safe-sex education.</span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I haven’t been able to uncover any information about
the extent to which The David or its clientele were involved in the gay rights
movement. Bar owner John Westervelt was himself part of the movement. During
the 1970s, he participated in a series of panel discussions about homosexuality
and the gay rights movement at Elmira College. </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In 1999, Steven West and Barry Johnson opened a new
gay bar, Angles at 511-513 Railroad Avenue. It billed itself as an “alternative
dance club” welcome to all and regularly hosted events like trivia and karaoke.
It was huge in the drag scene, regularly hosting shows as well as the annual
Mr. & Miss Southern Tier contests. It closed in 2008.</span></p><p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmcqxVpxzlcQFXZGIO38RoJJKNvIaa_fRmy1J-zn2pPvhPmph9M7YmGNRE_9nu83JWKI4zQUBWT8SUNMqeE9mcDbTpmr417D8TYaP0j0IQEtkORuNz5sZ5XNHgeb_9YzuxuRSX90uixp7M6KEjDWeLEl949ImFm4T_5SgN7Wja74ktu-zDrDVRWBq1mNH/s630/511%20RR%20Ave%20esg.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="403" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmcqxVpxzlcQFXZGIO38RoJJKNvIaa_fRmy1J-zn2pPvhPmph9M7YmGNRE_9nu83JWKI4zQUBWT8SUNMqeE9mcDbTpmr417D8TYaP0j0IQEtkORuNz5sZ5XNHgeb_9YzuxuRSX90uixp7M6KEjDWeLEl949ImFm4T_5SgN7Wja74ktu-zDrDVRWBq1mNH/s320/511%20RR%20Ave%20esg.jpg" width="205" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Angles bar, exterior, courtesy <i>Star-Gazette</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQjtCSqU6DelUx_8yolco25tCiwfDBBvQV6T2Tu74tbww17tiz3Bjjt_YVhSp0KOdahJrblswWXj12eRCdrLmLhe7ykEZmLci6FcM8uL3QaPyxT347vbZ3nclm-q-xBiWtRUIVRqq3FE998eXINKuEdL5R6N9FGc3rJ281iGOXBN2wzEepIQRS_LVhmr5-/s389/Angles%20bar%20esg.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="389" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQjtCSqU6DelUx_8yolco25tCiwfDBBvQV6T2Tu74tbww17tiz3Bjjt_YVhSp0KOdahJrblswWXj12eRCdrLmLhe7ykEZmLci6FcM8uL3QaPyxT347vbZ3nclm-q-xBiWtRUIVRqq3FE998eXINKuEdL5R6N9FGc3rJ281iGOXBN2wzEepIQRS_LVhmr5-/s320/Angles%20bar%20esg.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Angles bar, interior, courtesy <i>Star-Gazette</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span><span lang="DA" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"></span><p></p>
<p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elmira’s last gay bar was Club Chill, owned by Clinton
“Billy” Lewis from 2004 until his death in 2011. The club offered dancing,
drinks, and regular drag shows. It took over the Mr. and Miss Southern Tier
drag contest after Angles closed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Club
Chill management was invested AIDS relief, hosting charity benefits for the
Chemung County AIDS Task Force. The club regularly participated in local Pride
events as well.</span></p><p class="Body"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZA1PZPiMSl7oxwc_HyZRhEMnwKf1Wz3RMOTpVC-4--vKACIKamilP3K74FMKhareJ8rdIcQS-EZ0bScGLFjJCD0ccusvKEDwDCqKNVzVtdk6JqV3FlHpidYGJsof-FeYt2yHoAwuqJqzGkvtqyylqxsjEU6eHVuVAZQiF2jN13iXPBNn12M6cq8C7TpLx/s712/26%20sep%202004.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="712" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZA1PZPiMSl7oxwc_HyZRhEMnwKf1Wz3RMOTpVC-4--vKACIKamilP3K74FMKhareJ8rdIcQS-EZ0bScGLFjJCD0ccusvKEDwDCqKNVzVtdk6JqV3FlHpidYGJsof-FeYt2yHoAwuqJqzGkvtqyylqxsjEU6eHVuVAZQiF2jN13iXPBNn12M6cq8C7TpLx/s320/26%20sep%202004.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Star-Gazette</i>, September 24, 2004<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /> LGBTQ history is seriously under-documented.
Everything in this article is based on a pair of oral history interviews and
what I could glean from the newspapers. If you have stories you would like to
tell about any of the above-mentioned bars or have images or artifacts
associated with the local gay community, I would love to hear from you. You can
reach me via e-mail at <a href="mailto:archivist@chemungvalleymuseum.org">archivist@chemungvalleymuseum.org</a> or phone at (607) 734-4167 ex 207. I look forward to
hearing from you. </span><p></p>
<p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-51207841339547100192023-06-12T04:00:00.075-07:002023-06-12T04:00:00.147-07:00Young Historians at the Museum<p> by Susan Zehnder, Education Director</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">As a child on a field trip to a history museum, I remember
being awestruck as I walked around a dugout canoe. It looked so different from
any pictures I’d seen in books. It seemed larger than canoes floating in a
nearby lake, and the texture of axe marks almost looked like a pattern with a secret
message. I wondered who made it, why they made it, and where they might have
traveled with it. It was a mystery and I wanted to learn more. The Historical
Society seeks to ignite that same kind of awe and curiosity in Elmira’s
children today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">As this year’s public-school calendar nears the finishing
line, the Historical Society has recently hosted close to 400 Elmira City
School District (ECSD) second graders and their teachers. Each 90-minute visit to
the museum means that our small staff of five, including the Executive Director,
Archivist, Curator, and Office Manager drop everything and join me to help out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We want students to feel welcome, that they
belong here at the museum, and we want them to see themselves connecting to
local history. Knowing that for many students it will be their first time
visiting a museum, we give them the tools to understand what museums are and what
a history museum holds. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">We’ve designed these end-of-year visits to reinforce their school
lessons and connect to the six topics we cover when we visit their classrooms.
Visiting each class multiple times helps to build trust in the students and
teachers who work so hard. The six visits culminate at the end of their second
grade with a field trip to the museum. This program connecting students to a
deeper understanding of history and a sense of place was piloted in 2015, starting with just one school in the district. Today
the program includes 120 in-class visits with 60 classrooms in four schools. When
the second graders finally visit the Chemung Valley History Museum, they see for
themselves the actual size of artifacts they’ve only seen pictures of in the
classroom. They also see the enormous number of items on display in the
galleries, part of a collection that is constantly growing in size and variety.
The range of items almost guarantees that each student will see something that interests
them. Overall, it can make a powerful impression on them, and their excitement often
inspires us to look at history and the items that we hold in new ways. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Often hosting 60 students at a time, we rotate them through
three stations. To make sure they move around the museum, students go on a
scavenger hunt in the Bank gallery looking for artifacts and documents that
span the Devonian age to the Space age.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Y6BNsLasZI-Wd3kwkfnGdC1ygBph6KHvyNzTdnuH52leDEd7J3PS5dkwv4H85nDxN8AqfVWssco3DxazFM1ntnikx8zdJ88yWQLtom1gOOIWSscWvX7LVuCCRdRUy_fnmazzU5HL1HCpIF-bh5V4eLPacR2dr78CUtyMM85p3QQham7-ebo7t-5PVw/s472/Scav.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="472" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Y6BNsLasZI-Wd3kwkfnGdC1ygBph6KHvyNzTdnuH52leDEd7J3PS5dkwv4H85nDxN8AqfVWssco3DxazFM1ntnikx8zdJ88yWQLtom1gOOIWSscWvX7LVuCCRdRUy_fnmazzU5HL1HCpIF-bh5V4eLPacR2dr78CUtyMM85p3QQham7-ebo7t-5PVw/s320/Scav.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scavenger hunt</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Next, after seeing the building’s original bank vaults, they play bingo by solving simple math problems. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimSJ8f0-l5d5rJL9E8h5mgF1p2JSlMV8p2xDfhATMc0vgYfS6WDopsBQpokTDiBw7URTg3fnaV_WB-NmAxPg-QjAryD-NCRuz-R5Orugh12T8Lj7Z9YiclLQdx8ZvtbtcbA0KfY3uqJGIF6dYPrPvvfXZf1reCfklRuI_zfC3MtoxADo5kIs1i0rZU9Q/s429/Bingo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="429" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimSJ8f0-l5d5rJL9E8h5mgF1p2JSlMV8p2xDfhATMc0vgYfS6WDopsBQpokTDiBw7URTg3fnaV_WB-NmAxPg-QjAryD-NCRuz-R5Orugh12T8Lj7Z9YiclLQdx8ZvtbtcbA0KfY3uqJGIF6dYPrPvvfXZf1reCfklRuI_zfC3MtoxADo5kIs1i0rZU9Q/s320/Bingo.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bank Bingo</td></tr></tbody></table><br />A</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">nd lastly, students capture something they’ve seen in the
galleries by creating drawings which they take home.</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEion2Sdi5ueDXAIOigpub0CCKN77UrkD_HETYVVY3PPZzDrJZWoQ19uh2OCATbyDSqLkkuT6OPzM3_RaezD9QdPK3rGwu1rermySYmJsEAhmF2Z1CUtRbxckjPqzBKW1CuX-rF6itUQS7wmFa5YUcu_HM4rHbWhVJ7kH9gWP2tFRh2PVZ4sj1rd3tcubw/s3778/IMG-0852.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1355" data-original-width="3778" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEion2Sdi5ueDXAIOigpub0CCKN77UrkD_HETYVVY3PPZzDrJZWoQ19uh2OCATbyDSqLkkuT6OPzM3_RaezD9QdPK3rGwu1rermySYmJsEAhmF2Z1CUtRbxckjPqzBKW1CuX-rF6itUQS7wmFa5YUcu_HM4rHbWhVJ7kH9gWP2tFRh2PVZ4sj1rd3tcubw/w400-h144/IMG-0852.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Riverside 2nd graders with their artwork</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />Ninety minutes pass quickly, and we encourage them to come
back and teach others about what they’ve learned. For the museum staff, comments
like ‘this is the best day ever,’ ‘I’m definitely coming back,’ and ‘I didn’t
know the mammoth tusk was so big’ can be the best reward ever.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_04l5hGjYaeE1aassHqCRWypwI1R8-dXmgyungX3S92uWbTI7S6YuXE2m_YOkiHTProTj_hDorjahmXuMcwxtC-7kXF4kIcUHd4CGsDLuK_nFFusosRz5dTn34dayL7e3mL2GU3xXteiLag2Oi6QpKNNAcws74AcQl7vOYvStTqf3v1NzO2k5kLIXpw/s459/girls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="459" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_04l5hGjYaeE1aassHqCRWypwI1R8-dXmgyungX3S92uWbTI7S6YuXE2m_YOkiHTProTj_hDorjahmXuMcwxtC-7kXF4kIcUHd4CGsDLuK_nFFusosRz5dTn34dayL7e3mL2GU3xXteiLag2Oi6QpKNNAcws74AcQl7vOYvStTqf3v1NzO2k5kLIXpw/w400-h165/girls.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Young Historians with drawings of Bike, Tusk, and Radio</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Throughout the year, we host other school groups visiting for
programs on natural disasters, the Underground Railroad, notable Elmirans, and
writing like Mark Twain. But this ECSD program is unique for its multiple
visits and topics. Statistics show that if children visit museums while young, they
are more likely to feel welcomed and more likely to visit museums, any museum, as
adults. The Chemung County Historical Society is marking its 100</span><sup style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">
year of operations*, and while the museum collections we hold are from the
past, sharing artifacts and documents from history, they are really here for
future generations. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;">We invite you all to
visit the museum this summer and bring a young historian along.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">And maybe discover a little awe for yourself.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">*On August 26, 2023, from 1 pm to 5 pm we are hosting
a birthday party featuring the Excelsior Cornet Brass Band, history talks, open
galleries, and cake. Free admission for all.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-65123861315033980982023-05-29T05:00:00.065-07:002023-05-30T12:27:30.681-07:00The First Four Decades of Milling in Chemung County<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">by Monica Groth, Curator </span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW-CV5EdD6YeBniejk_9FqleSh0fr3_WY1_C2DRNniiU8lcnYsF1LK1EPY08h7z3HOvM8qZec8GKFZMzPggnR_xehPAzQdyD_CUF7sfPy1ax-j6AZ0YFYKyDhKPrqRfa7xn6W0zOdCVW-6WhmPrgMAIiFMGhssBmuJ9hklTRlMxsoTKmgl2cF1oKvZ2g/s1276/190004390002.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1276" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW-CV5EdD6YeBniejk_9FqleSh0fr3_WY1_C2DRNniiU8lcnYsF1LK1EPY08h7z3HOvM8qZec8GKFZMzPggnR_xehPAzQdyD_CUF7sfPy1ax-j6AZ0YFYKyDhKPrqRfa7xn6W0zOdCVW-6WhmPrgMAIiFMGhssBmuJ9hklTRlMxsoTKmgl2cF1oKvZ2g/s320/190004390002.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arnot Mill on Newtown Creek, painted by Mabel Shoemaker, 1973</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Living alongside creeks, rivers, and waterways has its
many advantages. A river is not only a source of food and a means of
transportation. Its power can also be harnessed to perform work for millers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Almost as soon as the area which was to become Chemung
County was settled by Revolutionary War veterans in the late 18<sup>th</sup>
century, it became home to a number of sawmills – that is, mills which process
lumber into wood for building homes. As past curator Frances Brayton writes,
“even before a church or courthouse is built, the mill, by a rushing stream is
set up and in operation.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The first sawmill in the area was built on Seeley
Creek by Abraham Miller in 1798. If his surname is any indication, Abraham
might have descended from a family of English millers. He served in the
Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and was captured by the
Haudenosaunee. Escaping around Seneca Lake on his captors’ route to Canada,
Miller settled in New York. Historian Ausburn Towner names Miller “one of the most
active, foremost and enterprising of the earliest settlers of the valley”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Many equally enterprising settlers followed Miller’s
example. In 1800, the first sawmills were built in Ashland and Van Etten. In
1805, Nathan Teall erected two mills, one in Horseheads and another in Millport.
In the early years of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, sawmills sprang up
throughout the townships, as the plentiful lumber of the surrounding hills was
harvested to supply the needs of the growing population.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Thirty years after Abraham Miller built the first
sawmill, there were no less than 19 mills in Southport on Seeley Creek alone. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">That year, Big Flats boasted 5 sawmills, <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Catlin: 18<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chemung: 21<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Elmira: 13<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Erin: 4<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Veteran: 36<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This was before the Chemung Canal opened in 1833. Once
completed, the canal greatly increased the efficiency with which lumber could
be transported and greatly expanded the markets which it could reach. Trade
increased and more mills were constructed to capitalize on this economic
opportunity.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5YW7byTr5WKNWrKRfx1KZUPDYV0rGxay_ikGPQJpvWW-yI8hLYLQgJ48hZAOElydCtAbdqIL9em5uwZzb71E4ntzLK_p6QUL9O1UpENqZgaUJABFtA0pNDuihfqpiqkrNfDzsjzRliUe1dWFihrsToHlUUZrFRtLiXm4J_N1Z1VdkvrcRztywkQwjQ/s1285/2016000000010005.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="1285" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5YW7byTr5WKNWrKRfx1KZUPDYV0rGxay_ikGPQJpvWW-yI8hLYLQgJ48hZAOElydCtAbdqIL9em5uwZzb71E4ntzLK_p6QUL9O1UpENqZgaUJABFtA0pNDuihfqpiqkrNfDzsjzRliUe1dWFihrsToHlUUZrFRtLiXm4J_N1Z1VdkvrcRztywkQwjQ/w400-h215/2016000000010005.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lumber outside Rodbourn Sawmill in Erin, NY. Sawmills continued to thrive into the 20th century.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">By 1836, when author Solomon Southwick published the
pamphlet “Views of Elmira”, the area’s mills had modernized and were extremely
productive. Southwick writes that the 6 mill complexes closest to Elmira
produced nearly 20,000 feet of lumber daily. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">You’ll notice I wrote of mill complexes – meaning
buildings harnessing water power to perform a variety of different tasks.
Sawmills used that energy the operate saws to cut wood. Grist mills used that
energy to grind grain between heavy millstones. Some millers did both tasks, while other specialized in one mill type.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7NllFxRxIQIlsC5pAMrF9tQbzYTSebjyvOSYMf-fow_DHtoiBD0S-PPbLhf0yXjVVfTJ4NONZuQ7ro-3RaNQKWZVhgN19aw0mzO2Hu0AQW4O7hkepshybJ9G3-7wWZEqrisM4hMxukV9VoLAC0a8YZxmg8wkKjGds8hSqAhY0Afl4-HfRj0V4OvssYA/s1308/19001656.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1308" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7NllFxRxIQIlsC5pAMrF9tQbzYTSebjyvOSYMf-fow_DHtoiBD0S-PPbLhf0yXjVVfTJ4NONZuQ7ro-3RaNQKWZVhgN19aw0mzO2Hu0AQW4O7hkepshybJ9G3-7wWZEqrisM4hMxukV9VoLAC0a8YZxmg8wkKjGds8hSqAhY0Afl4-HfRj0V4OvssYA/s320/19001656.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mill pick like this one in our collection is used to "dress" or re-carve<br />the furrows on mill grinding stones</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaDi4RMhKdO5eIB-bTiWPPoSEllX0q6XAMjavvf0U3dbAV0XvTQu41D4rlXNT_FO_j_4PApPjm92_mZo98yPc_WfSnjfHTc1eJtrM7iuywiDKJo6oUDW5jc2WN-Fuy8k356TJGgwXy7gZ7_KTAxbwIy-kJg7aSSLD4E5ffawdtRh_I04KqVD903ffjbg/s3264/pxfuel.com.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaDi4RMhKdO5eIB-bTiWPPoSEllX0q6XAMjavvf0U3dbAV0XvTQu41D4rlXNT_FO_j_4PApPjm92_mZo98yPc_WfSnjfHTc1eJtrM7iuywiDKJo6oUDW5jc2WN-Fuy8k356TJGgwXy7gZ7_KTAxbwIy-kJg7aSSLD4E5ffawdtRh_I04KqVD903ffjbg/s320/pxfuel.com.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A millstone - most grist mills will contain two stones arranged horizontally atop one another. One, the bedstone, remains stationary while the other, the runner stone, rotates on top of it. Grain its poured through the center whole and moves outwards through the channels as it is ground into fine flour, which emerges at its edge.</td></tr></tbody></table></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Grist mills appeared in our county sometime after our
earliest sawmills and were extremely important to the area’s first families.
Though a matter of some historic debate, the first grist mill is believed to
have been built by Daniel Carpenter on Newtown Creek around 1800. Prior to its
construction, families would transport their grain south to a mill on Tioga
Point to be ground into flour. Towner writes that grain was transported on
horseback or more often, by boat, and it was “a tedious process in bringing it
home up river”. “When the mill was built at the mouth of Newtown Creek,” Towner
writes, “it was an enterprise of more necessity… than the completion of the
Chemung Canal.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Soon after Carpenter’s Mill was built, another early grist
mill was opened by the Webb family in Southport (in the vicinity of the district
which now bears its name). <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGK2_3WE_7ng5ef3dIWKshU_HI3vSnBwQ0e9o4a4Tt8YezS-7drVyNz_BwqSAOK5fsLZ5lRzptzLvTA2RIcljente9ij2undn170QhDguyRyEtkNsI7k9m9EkTpcFZhE7ehY-hR1ZG_9FV9_HbYNkD0M1cMMyj58xuo2q2xnkYasUwu_7_PrYXEr4jQ/s4032/70136051512--EC83E491-3205-4E2B-8F2E-8167ADB9B22A%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGK2_3WE_7ng5ef3dIWKshU_HI3vSnBwQ0e9o4a4Tt8YezS-7drVyNz_BwqSAOK5fsLZ5lRzptzLvTA2RIcljente9ij2undn170QhDguyRyEtkNsI7k9m9EkTpcFZhE7ehY-hR1ZG_9FV9_HbYNkD0M1cMMyj58xuo2q2xnkYasUwu_7_PrYXEr4jQ/s320/70136051512--EC83E491-3205-4E2B-8F2E-8167ADB9B22A%20(1).jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scale model of Webbs Mill, originally on Seeley Creek in Southport. <br />Webbs Mill was among the first grist mills in Chemung County</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">By Southwick’s observation, in 1836, the
aforementioned mills nearest the city of Elmira were grinding approximately 800
bushels of grain a day. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">However, there were still far fewer grist mills in the
area than sawmills, and grist mills, performing a great percentage of their
work to serve the local community rather than more distant markets, remained
very important to Chemung County residents. When a fire destroyed the grist mill Sullivan's Mill (also known as the Tuttle or Arnot Mill) in 1836, <i>The Elmira Gazette</i> wrote that the loss of the mill and over 650
bushels of wheat would be “severely felt by the community, as there are few
such establishments in the neighborhood.” The mill was immediately rebuilt the
following season. </span><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-55039441045614631602023-05-15T05:00:00.000-07:002023-05-15T05:00:00.148-07:00Call the Midwife: Rose Spadaccino<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin, Archivist</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Between 1915 and 1935, Elmira midwife Rose Spadaccino
delivered 551 babies, including five of her own grandchildren. Most of her
patients were members of the city’s Italian and Polish immigrant communities.
In her notebook, she recorded each birth she attended, writing down the names
of the parents and children, as well as details like the parent’s ages, place
of birth, and address. The notebook is a veritable genealogical gold mine. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqFPYoeErdG9MJbE1OY2UtBMYHTkscKrY2RMJ1w7qE7rLRf5QZlxuwjdcJmss7_o15uCcrmsu2UL_gc51JYaxU3cB1gR09zY3hmsgQ7B99_GUHq9Ke7TL1doY5tmC--nDAOC7i1wnfGfV7m8EU05rMLEN6DOJ1-8ODJcvxeIU5sPyrHIit6bpYgRtbeQ/s2432/RSM0115%20crop.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2432" data-original-width="1836" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqFPYoeErdG9MJbE1OY2UtBMYHTkscKrY2RMJ1w7qE7rLRf5QZlxuwjdcJmss7_o15uCcrmsu2UL_gc51JYaxU3cB1gR09zY3hmsgQ7B99_GUHq9Ke7TL1doY5tmC--nDAOC7i1wnfGfV7m8EU05rMLEN6DOJ1-8ODJcvxeIU5sPyrHIit6bpYgRtbeQ/s320/RSM0115%20crop.tif" width="242" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rose Spadaccino, ca. 1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rose Spadaccino (1873-1950) was born in Macchia Valfortore,
Italy to Dominico Spadaccino and Josephine Callucci. Sometime in the early
1890s, she married Donato Muccigrosso (1875-1943). In 1898, the two immigrated
to Elmira along with their young son, Anthony (1896-1979). They went on to have
three more children Lena (1902-1988), Thomas (1903-1989), and Joseph
(1905-1987). Note that, despite being married, she continued to use her maiden
name. That’s because, in Italy, women don’t take their husband’s names and
instead use their own surname their entire lives. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFoWPHB0loA_9DwxMCSG47j53fpfB8yn7hSQXAVpRbjyFGXp6swvn9FnrhbgtECkk1xakPg2YRjHJczeEVJPXj9yTD5j0T0u37nuRL2oFhqlbf6-nLU10obYK_zWyPW8knY7UsOsdUtacZScxiwrNxKtc_OVsaptrDnhu0VGwpmIojkplfb-xqZfWMQ/s2364/RSM0118.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2364" data-original-width="1673" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFoWPHB0loA_9DwxMCSG47j53fpfB8yn7hSQXAVpRbjyFGXp6swvn9FnrhbgtECkk1xakPg2YRjHJczeEVJPXj9yTD5j0T0u37nuRL2oFhqlbf6-nLU10obYK_zWyPW8knY7UsOsdUtacZScxiwrNxKtc_OVsaptrDnhu0VGwpmIojkplfb-xqZfWMQ/s320/RSM0118.tif" width="226" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Donato Muccigrosso and son Anthony, ca. 1900<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The family was part of a wave of Italian immigrants arriving
in Elmira in the 1890s and early 1900s. They were likely drawn here by the
presence of several Muccigrosso siblings and cousins who were already living in
the area. Over a dozen other families from Macchia Valfortore also settled in
the area including members of the Spadaccino, Gallucci, Santone, Rossi, and
Cassetta families. These surnames appear multiple times in Rose’s notebook. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rose was first licensed as a midwife in 1912, after beginning
her studies around the time her youngest started school. Her husband, Donato worked
as a shoemaker. He also played the tuba as a member of a member of the Duca D'Abruzzi's
Band, a local Italian marching band. The couple were both active members at St.
Anthony’s Catholic Church in Elmira. Donato played the organ and Rose was a
member of the Sacred Heart Society and Order of St. Francis. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rose’s midwifery records were donated to the Chemung County
Historical Society in 2022 by some of her descendants along with a collection
of family photographs and genealogical notes. In early 2023, we received a
grant from the South Central Regional Library Council to digitize the collection.
The notebook and a selection of family photos and documents are currently available
on the New York Heritage website: </span><a href="https://nyheritage.org/index.php/collections/rose-spadaccino-papers"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://nyheritage.org/index.php/collections/rose-spadaccino-papers</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0hhe-Ghtwisb3r-8sc7BhGWlWFIAMlkhu86oPVqrQhKSs_k5ieuUIi6tM4W47kSj104lP9Kg7CHy1ycXVlAndZdFMgmQiYQNm2P7GLbpA9E94HSEjJ_r1PZj5YIL05JRMKYYHw62mSeUF65--QQutB-6zAq2lzP5dQcU-A7ytHiA5MvWgN1TT6Gha-Q/s6838/RSM0109.tif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6838" data-original-width="4140" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0hhe-Ghtwisb3r-8sc7BhGWlWFIAMlkhu86oPVqrQhKSs_k5ieuUIi6tM4W47kSj104lP9Kg7CHy1ycXVlAndZdFMgmQiYQNm2P7GLbpA9E94HSEjJ_r1PZj5YIL05JRMKYYHw62mSeUF65--QQutB-6zAq2lzP5dQcU-A7ytHiA5MvWgN1TT6Gha-Q/s320/RSM0109.tif" width="194" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">page from Rose's notebook<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The grant was part of New York’s Consider the Source program,
an initiative through the New York Department of Education to help teachers
bring primary sources into the classroom. This round of grants focused on
digitizing records related to historically underserved communities including
people of color, women, immigrants, and the poor. The Consider the Source NY
website (</span><a href="https://www.considerthesourceny.org/"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://www.considerthesourceny.org/</span></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">hosts historical documents and
images, along with lesson plans based on the items. In the coming months, Rose
Spadaccino’s records might just end up in a classroom near you! <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-25732236450161699472023-04-30T21:00:00.001-07:002023-04-30T21:00:00.151-07:00Reached their Quota: The Short History of Elmira's Quota Club<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">by Susan Zehnder, Education Director</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Elmira businesswomen were galvanized, back in the spring of 1919,
by the news that a woman in Buffalo had founded the International Quota Club—an
organization similar to the various men’s business clubs, but solely for women.
In hopes of starting an Elmira chapter, a group of local women advertised in
the Star-Gazette for potential members. The ad ran in May, and by June, more
than 75 women had applied for a Quota Club charter. In August, however, before
the charter paperwork had even arrived, the group abruptly disbanded. The Quota
Club of 1919 never took hold in Elmira.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1USt8rh3_735Akq2aKCw-Hz7xPoVV6FF9f8TPouSskQtc9ew4MgesyL1_mfdzm5p2A0E5a8xbvGHcQz92lJszT7YtjS_fQw5H14qEZHH9i36Pea8oKqx_xHiAlI0tw6WzsojfuHqBzkdQx7xpyY8Cuox7EAOZVAS62_1TQjVPhzeMUSzp_4ZKapU57Q/s210/Q.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="210" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1USt8rh3_735Akq2aKCw-Hz7xPoVV6FF9f8TPouSskQtc9ew4MgesyL1_mfdzm5p2A0E5a8xbvGHcQz92lJszT7YtjS_fQw5H14qEZHH9i36Pea8oKqx_xHiAlI0tw6WzsojfuHqBzkdQx7xpyY8Cuox7EAOZVAS62_1TQjVPhzeMUSzp_4ZKapU57Q/s1600/Q.jpg" width="210" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quota International Logo</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Clubs have been around a long time, and the first ones were formed
primarily around sports or social causes. Two of the earliest examples include the
Schuylkill Fishing club in Delaware, which can be traced back to 1732, and the
Sheffield football club in England, formed in 1857. Business clubs didn’t show
up until the early 20<sup>th</sup> century, and offered professionals the
chance to network and do good deeds. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Three of the earliest business clubs - Rotary, Optimist, and Kiwanis
- began near the turn of the century and are still going strong. The oldest of
these is the Rotary Club, which was formed in Chicago in 1905. The name comes
from the fact that the group rotated official meetings among the members’ different
business locations. In 1912, with the addition of clubs in Canada and Europe,
the name was changed to the International Rotary Club. Early rules prohibited
women from being members, and each chapter allowed only one representative member
per job classification. They did not have official restrictions on race, though
many early clubs excluded Black members until 1980. The restriction on job
classifications was eliminated and women were allowed to join in 1989. Elmira’s
International Rotary chapter was started in 1916. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Optimist Club was formed in 1911 in Buffalo. As the name
suggests, members sought to take a positive approach when addressing societal
problems. It wasn’t until 1989 that the Optimists accepted women as members. Today
there are over 3,000 Optimist clubs with more than 80,000 members. Elmira’s chapter
was founded in 1988.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Perhaps most directly influential on the Quota Club was the Kiwanis
organization, founded in Detroit in 1915. First known as the Supreme Lodge
Benevolent Order Brothers, they soon changed their name to Kiwanis. Early
members thought the word was a Native American word that meant to trade or
build. It actually is a misunderstanding of an Ojibwa phrase meaning “to fool
around.” The organization became Kiwanis International in 1916 when chapters
from Canada joined. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Like the two other professional service organizations, Kiwanis
was slow to offer membership to Blacks and women. Blacks were officially
invited to become members in 1980, and women were invited in 1987. In Elmira,
the Kiwanis chapter started in 1974. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">These three business clubs became immediately popular and
offered businessmen a chance to network, hang out, and work together. Not to be
left behind, women wanted their own club. In 1919, Buffalo businesswoman Wanda
Frey Joiner established the Quota Club.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjiEfz5nIWmNnuRrqsIBnvKKgd4wWIf1Ckr6wZPB-clbAR7D6PFO-fAtcI7kogG7q01PmtiP3Zd9kytX45hNNdJcE8I9pX6VcqO3T6fLL-tpsaQa5E9lO0Tr_GOlLhA3D4bMNeI1ntIe3o_vSnfREW0vP3TY055ePFqeF4B-G84UBc3zaIOwZjLk-7JQ/s220/WFJoiner.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="220" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjiEfz5nIWmNnuRrqsIBnvKKgd4wWIf1Ckr6wZPB-clbAR7D6PFO-fAtcI7kogG7q01PmtiP3Zd9kytX45hNNdJcE8I9pX6VcqO3T6fLL-tpsaQa5E9lO0Tr_GOlLhA3D4bMNeI1ntIe3o_vSnfREW0vP3TY055ePFqeF4B-G84UBc3zaIOwZjLk-7JQ/s1600/WFJoiner.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wanda Fry Joiner</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Born in Russia, Wanda Frey immigrated to Buffalo with her
family as a child. At 28 years old, she married Robert Parks Joiner, who owned
a company in the paint and glass industry. He died three years later, leaving
her to run his business. She was a guest attending a Kiwanis Christmas party when
she was inspired to form a similar professional club exclusively for women. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Women’s rights were in the news. One year earlier, women in
New York State had earned the right to vote, and now the United States was poised
to give all women that right, having passed the 19<sup>th</sup> amendment. (However,
it would take the adoption of the Voting Rights bill decades later to address voting
barriers for Black women.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">News of the newly formed Quota Club spread quickly. As the
Star-Gazette pointed out, “Combining social, business and civic activities in
the manner of these clubs is a quite modern idea.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Elmira group elected a board of directors and waited for their
chapter to be officially recognized. They elected officers and held planning luncheons.
To celebrate their upcoming formation, they scheduled their first “annual”
event for July. They had originally planned to meet at Sullivan’s Monument, but
changed locations when a heavy rainstorm came through the area. They went
instead to Brand Park, where 60 members participated in pie-eating contests,
footraces, and skilled sports competitions like baseball throwing and unnamed
“stunts.” Apparently, some of the footraces created a ruckus; according to the
newspaper, a few of the heftier racers insisted on entering footraces for slim
or lightweight women, though everyone seemed to enjoy themselves. Events
finished with an excursion to Rorick’s Glen to attend an opera that evening.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Less than one month later, the Star-Gazette reported that one
of the local organizers had said the “reputation and character of the national
organizer of the club has been assailed,” and the local group refused to accept
official recognition. They would be returning all paperwork when it arrived. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Whatever specific disagreements the Elmira group had aren’t
clear, but the seeds were sown for discontent and soon the group broke apart.
Some women moved away, while others reorganized into the Elmira Business
Women’s Club. In December 1919, this group joined Zonta International and
formed a chapter in Elmira. Zonta International was a businesswomen’s club
formed in Buffalo, and the Elmira chapter was one of its first five chapters. It
is the only Zonta chapter that owns its own house, and it is still going strong
today, though I don’t know if they have any footraces scheduled.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMGJFmkXS3-a1v0nRQFss_safYUgvjzmQy53K7hD-ZkVPTsqBW3TmH0kVSpwruwg44fKX0Z_H1e22up0Dm1OrhH-qBloADIsu0E09mqmjUGt2vFmLN0qNVVgLiSRbKEM3mUaDcpVUGUbh6NSli0wtrlY6-DgQY2t3xJGZHAGJIZJQAcUqrAei4lkR3fw/s1200/Zontahouse.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMGJFmkXS3-a1v0nRQFss_safYUgvjzmQy53K7hD-ZkVPTsqBW3TmH0kVSpwruwg44fKX0Z_H1e22up0Dm1OrhH-qBloADIsu0E09mqmjUGt2vFmLN0qNVVgLiSRbKEM3mUaDcpVUGUbh6NSli0wtrlY6-DgQY2t3xJGZHAGJIZJQAcUqrAei4lkR3fw/s320/Zontahouse.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elmira's Zonta House</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Author's note: <i>Corning Painted Post had a Quota chapter for years though Quota International disbanded operations in 2020 due to dwindling membership. </i><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span> </p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-48271931243455265182023-04-17T05:30:00.034-07:002023-04-17T05:30:00.181-07:00Sadie Belton or Millport’s Fairy Queen<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">By Rachel Dworkin, archivist</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Everywhere she performed, Millport native Sarah “Sadie” Belton
received rave reviews. In 1881, the Columbus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daily Evening Republic</i> wrote, “The singing of Miss Sadie Belton is
especially good, and her dramatic ability would do credit to any star actress.”
The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cuba Evening Review</i> described her
as “The wonder and admiration of all.” Yet, it wasn’t her prodigious talent
that made her famous. No, what Sadie Belton was most famous for was her height.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLSl6pKu8bM2KjrmEPV7Gm8LUVOOe1PBjKGjMTK9D1rkkeVokseET6XkGkZcuRA7co5uabueyty6_nxBOhcMJX6ffeRLBjJam6q53JzU6ZM7LzCu3PBeYbXWGxZIZVRWoylcLu9q9SY_ZRI6fbcyEOan7TEWsmD4y-j9BuA_dcRpWpCjt8j5JsIprPQ/s681/Sadie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="450" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioLSl6pKu8bM2KjrmEPV7Gm8LUVOOe1PBjKGjMTK9D1rkkeVokseET6XkGkZcuRA7co5uabueyty6_nxBOhcMJX6ffeRLBjJam6q53JzU6ZM7LzCu3PBeYbXWGxZIZVRWoylcLu9q9SY_ZRI6fbcyEOan7TEWsmD4y-j9BuA_dcRpWpCjt8j5JsIprPQ/s320/Sadie.jpg" width="211" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sadie Belton, ca. 1880s<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> At just 33 inches tall, Belton was one of the so-called midget
performers who took the world by storm in the mid-1800s. Today, the word midget
is considered highly offensive and the preferred terms are Little Person or
dwarf. Born in Millport in 1842, she first took to the stage sometime in the
1860s touring under the stage name of “Fairy Queen.” In her early days, she
mostly worked in traveling freak shows. In 1868, she was working at one called
Miss Belton’s Museum of Wonders, although it was actually run by a man named
Professor Carruthers. Around 1877, she joined Deakin’s Lilliputian Comic Opera
Co. The company was different from the freak shows. They put on actual plays
like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jack the Giant-Killer</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gulliver’s Travels</i>. Most of the cast
were fellow dwarfs with just a couple of conventionally-sized folk to play Gulliver
or the giant. She worked with them until 1891 when she helped form the Royal
Midgets before retiring from the stage by the end of the decade. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzKU_ScoPOw3uPooT9LghtiKQQI1JuN9n7SPgvEeddC96azmg_0HIjF0zc77H8ut-Y06SFhvS3rfOMvm4PPlp_HtTlAWP5tQAs4WfRU-Pbe7v2ic0ZouVd5le_M31j9jwMbwTSzeVS-Zw3ED_HfMLoAaqjwegDU8SWDzqMVPks2oRf6lKH_FP-LS4zw/s564/Flier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="339" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzKU_ScoPOw3uPooT9LghtiKQQI1JuN9n7SPgvEeddC96azmg_0HIjF0zc77H8ut-Y06SFhvS3rfOMvm4PPlp_HtTlAWP5tQAs4WfRU-Pbe7v2ic0ZouVd5le_M31j9jwMbwTSzeVS-Zw3ED_HfMLoAaqjwegDU8SWDzqMVPks2oRf6lKH_FP-LS4zw/s320/Flier.jpg" width="192" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flier for Deakin's Lilliputian Comedic Opera Co.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At the time, dwarf performers were hugely popular. Like
Belton, most of them got their start in freak shows as objects of curiosity. In
1842, showmen P.T. Barnum and Charles Stratton (better known as General Tom
Thumb) changed things up by adding impersonations, musical numbers, and actual
acting. By the time Deakin’s Lilliputian Comic Opera Co. was touring, dwarf
entertainers had moved from carnival tents into respectable theaters. The
actors were no longer “freaks,” but legitimate actors. And yet said actors’
size remained the main draw and source of the audience’s amusement. “The little
folks show a keen appreciation of the humor of the situation in which they find
themselves, and sustain their parts with a self-possession which is
laughter-provoking,” the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Swanton Courier</i>
wrote of Deakin’s Lilliputian Comic Opera Co. on January 3, 1879. More than a
few reviewers marveled at just like real actors Belton and her co-stars were. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There are over 200 medical conditions which can result in dwarfism.
Belton was a pituitary dwarf whose stature was likely the result of a growth
hormone deficiency. Most of her co-stars had similar issues. Today, there is a
debate among the Little Person community as to whether or not dwarfism is a
disability. It’s certainly not for me to decide that, but their dwarfism
certainly had a profound impact on the lives of Belton and her associates.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2lo2NBix5ADHJgbp8a86w2D5YWNNajonXSn8eBEnz9vMv29y-XAdYUP3TQxHiloAu4mgKzy6HFrgF4jPj6gEVCokKIEaMrCdO2Ey6pNXbSgnQwK1kxvRgpPm2YOwfiTepzDEdN_zeT9C6Z2fPd3KksYYnpf6arE-gucIiwoBgkYziFF-Alg3a98bkg/s866/S-G%2012%20Feb%201976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="866" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2lo2NBix5ADHJgbp8a86w2D5YWNNajonXSn8eBEnz9vMv29y-XAdYUP3TQxHiloAu4mgKzy6HFrgF4jPj6gEVCokKIEaMrCdO2Ey6pNXbSgnQwK1kxvRgpPm2YOwfiTepzDEdN_zeT9C6Z2fPd3KksYYnpf6arE-gucIiwoBgkYziFF-Alg3a98bkg/s320/S-G%2012%20Feb%201976.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Display of Belton's clothing at the Schuyler County Historical Society, 1976<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> Life for such performers wasn’t easy and they were often
exploited. P.T. Barnum purchased Stratton from his parents when he was just
five-years-old and his situation was in no way unique. Sadie Belton was at
least an adult when she began touring, and even she ran into difficulties. It
apparently wasn’t unusual for strangers to just pick her up and cuddle her. In
1868, she secretly married fellow freak-show performer George Luther Saxe
(stage name Brother Joseph) in an attempt to protect herself from the abuses of
her employer, Professor Carruthers. When Carruthers found out, a fight broke
out and Saxe was arrested on the grounds the marriage must be somehow illegal
owing to her childlike stature. In the end, the marriage was annulled without
charges and Belton left the show in the company of her mother.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Deakin’s Lilliputian Comic Opera Co. turned out to be a much
better fit for Belton. By the 1870s, she was raking it in. In 1878, she
temporarily misplaced a diamond necklace at a Massachusetts hotel. The Elmira
paper which reported the incident noted “It is unusual for Chemung County girls
to have diamonds.” After retiring from the stage, she purchased a home in Harrisville,
Rhode Island where she lived until her death on April 14, 1915 at age 73. She
is buried in a family plot in Millport. </span></p>
<p></p>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4736192142832388846.post-9343693542967140962023-03-23T12:36:00.005-07:002023-03-31T13:40:22.092-07:00Poles Dancing <p> by Monica Groth, Curator</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimW9-emZQrt4Q__z6SKJugC52pctDY6ui0ns1YU3RYoHeEIcZGAq-ZDXaSujbcrFK3TnITvf3BlCS4LUOMBlsn8B2KqP4fb6v-7_2eQzGaHf1cw2ljPve7g8-GZyEJ8WDmrZDACpthtgzFBUAxFpKqnvZ68Ypg7BdUrePtsTb376y7Tz1S5Y2oSkyhYQ/s4032/Polishexhibit%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="552" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimW9-emZQrt4Q__z6SKJugC52pctDY6ui0ns1YU3RYoHeEIcZGAq-ZDXaSujbcrFK3TnITvf3BlCS4LUOMBlsn8B2KqP4fb6v-7_2eQzGaHf1cw2ljPve7g8-GZyEJ8WDmrZDACpthtgzFBUAxFpKqnvZ68Ypg7BdUrePtsTb376y7Tz1S5Y2oSkyhYQ/w414-h552/Polishexhibit%20image.jpg" width="414" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polish Dolls<br /><i>Courtesy of Jackie Droleski</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 1983, the Chemung Valley History Museum's Bank Gallery was filled with dancers costumed in bright boots, flower crowns, and intricately embroidered vests.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgd-CsqbCM_Z97o2JRe069cRAzbNyjBgT3QIqckke1AoPXybiUEa6h15sSIkwRsWhtfkSvZ7HtChMP5aNL62YFRJZ1cVAIaLnzA54T2LcXMTAKWB25G2Bq1DgD9PTk1TEUssQxqzrEA_o-W0UuZvhXnDKB5esjuS81HOCPH75al1SNPSfmVYpj4h3yWg/s3265/slide%20(8).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2174" data-original-width="3265" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgd-CsqbCM_Z97o2JRe069cRAzbNyjBgT3QIqckke1AoPXybiUEa6h15sSIkwRsWhtfkSvZ7HtChMP5aNL62YFRJZ1cVAIaLnzA54T2LcXMTAKWB25G2Bq1DgD9PTk1TEUssQxqzrEA_o-W0UuZvhXnDKB5esjuS81HOCPH75al1SNPSfmVYpj4h3yWg/s320/slide%20(8).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tatra Dancers at CVHM, 1983</td></tr></tbody></table><br />That day, the Tatra Dancers, a Polish folk dancing group, performed at the Museum before an excited audience. <p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDDcIlB7Ii7kyusoRlF3im1e9Dt0Q6FrosMvBxcfMgyBVqtG0VvI0Vk-ARS7XlgtHFuMc7E55PyF1sz-GrbTPq8Zi3LujdXF41nKHF8PD7L0ICQ5jMZVDdTf0YUfCPI8SW6feG52qihFmBUDw8b1_dVMWMgcjXGuepcq0hKiYUTLobSD1L2RWi6oFjKw/s3265/slide%20(9).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2174" data-original-width="3265" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDDcIlB7Ii7kyusoRlF3im1e9Dt0Q6FrosMvBxcfMgyBVqtG0VvI0Vk-ARS7XlgtHFuMc7E55PyF1sz-GrbTPq8Zi3LujdXF41nKHF8PD7L0ICQ5jMZVDdTf0YUfCPI8SW6feG52qihFmBUDw8b1_dVMWMgcjXGuepcq0hKiYUTLobSD1L2RWi6oFjKw/w407-h271/slide%20(9).jpg" width="407" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tatra Dancers at CVHM, 1983</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The Tatra Dancers had been established as a club just seven years earlier with the encouragement of two local Polish cultural organizations: the White Eagle Society and the Polish Arts Club. These organizations were on a mission to revive interest in and appreciation for Polish art and culture among second and third generation Polish-Americans who were losing knowledge of their heritage. <div><br /></div><div>Polish immigration to Chemung County peaked in the late 19th century. Many immigrants had settled in the coal mining districts of northern Pennsylvania in the decades prior to 1900, but came to Chemung County when jobs in industrializing Elmira and Elmira Heights offered better economic opportunities. Organizations were immediately created to keep Polish culture alive. The earliest Polish organizations were founded through St. Casimir's Church, established in 1890 as the center of the Polish Catholic community. The St. Casimir's Society was founded in 1895, and the White Eagle's Society (which still thrives today and is part of the Polish National Alliance) was established in 1907. The societies generated income for members' sick/death benefits and hosted events within the community. Through the decades, Polish music and language were promoted at St. Casimir's church services and Polish-language classes were taught at St. Casimir's parochial school, run by the Polish-speaking Sisters of St. Joseph. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqTMrlr7Rv_n9-l2lEL5im_jKwSvXCK5NamVxnklxJe9-ce7M-8Enqx867HVxWerd84mzIhfmpWXqsYMmMRPplDJpB9vrkbKRUhoBhP9fxUy5W79gCM2BheIZCkKwygpujIeAoTBnbUvRK-4LGrCD3Wq68n-9JnCSS1OqOCRHahFfNw-9dKJBXzZFtLg/s3160/wooden%20casimirs.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3160" data-original-width="2552" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqTMrlr7Rv_n9-l2lEL5im_jKwSvXCK5NamVxnklxJe9-ce7M-8Enqx867HVxWerd84mzIhfmpWXqsYMmMRPplDJpB9vrkbKRUhoBhP9fxUy5W79gCM2BheIZCkKwygpujIeAoTBnbUvRK-4LGrCD3Wq68n-9JnCSS1OqOCRHahFfNw-9dKJBXzZFtLg/s320/wooden%20casimirs.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Casimir's Church, c. 1890. <br /><i>Image Courtesy of Jackie Droleski. </i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgaG-jfYmG8QW0yXvpL-6q7ejueYHfFgyt54M3roSpPGXpw9TBDvuIEyI5VR5XbtU0rRNs68gqHX8NlwGn34Inzbkr_HCUSG_doq_ql6Np_aP0gDAbHkpZwW4M4tC1K-hDtkI3VG2zhwrKIT_NRfJYYcFhtnFy9VC1sbEct0B54kNhJzB3Hi9F1ohCg/s3488/Casimirs2002-600dpi.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3488" data-original-width="2376" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgaG-jfYmG8QW0yXvpL-6q7ejueYHfFgyt54M3roSpPGXpw9TBDvuIEyI5VR5XbtU0rRNs68gqHX8NlwGn34Inzbkr_HCUSG_doq_ql6Np_aP0gDAbHkpZwW4M4tC1K-hDtkI3VG2zhwrKIT_NRfJYYcFhtnFy9VC1sbEct0B54kNhJzB3Hi9F1ohCg/w241-h354/Casimirs2002-600dpi.jpg" width="241" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Casimir's Church, 2002. <br />A large brick structure was built to replace<br />the original wood-frame church in 1912.<br /> The Church stands at 1000 Davis St., Elmira today. </td></tr></tbody></table><br />Over time, however, as Polish-Americans increasingly assimilated into multicultural America, the use of Polish language in church, school, and clubs decreased, nearly disappearing by the early 1950s. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgpMcAtmiN6KKYabvBZv5VPNkq-vwsCHHDJXRmj1poRzxuuwiPQKNtfmSpriJERwv4cHi8DkB53wNyWUVHbWPWG62fGhP3zEDCv_ZoN6n7AKw9c4u62xg888GxrAPvkWX4ChAgPfjb_ke-wMwIpk4Jaqf1Xu1Ro-T_bfFbL_msMBqQuWJqvCUXc78nQ/s4032/IMG-1847.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNgpMcAtmiN6KKYabvBZv5VPNkq-vwsCHHDJXRmj1poRzxuuwiPQKNtfmSpriJERwv4cHi8DkB53wNyWUVHbWPWG62fGhP3zEDCv_ZoN6n7AKw9c4u62xg888GxrAPvkWX4ChAgPfjb_ke-wMwIpk4Jaqf1Xu1Ro-T_bfFbL_msMBqQuWJqvCUXc78nQ/w558-h418/IMG-1847.jpg" width="558" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Minutes of Council 104 of the Polish National Alliance taken in Elmira, NY 1954-1955.<br />The book is open to the entry where records switch from Polish to English. <br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>In the early 1970's, the community experienced a cultural Renaissance, as parishioners of St. Casimir's reinitiated Polish music and language in Masses. A new Polish Choir was assembled and the Polish Arts Club was formed in 1973. The Club hosted language and crafts classes as well as lecture and film series on Polish culture. </div><div><br /></div><div>As part of this Renaissance, the Tatra Dancers were established in 1976. The name Tatra comes from the name of the Western Carpathian mountain region of Poland where many folk dances originated. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1tSmBHZRZ-CjpflPbncD5dmv2-MfMaosnld1RIPLYtXWbKvR8ZA6GTss5W8NfXFt1cKPseIcWxLUMXVDEQjU3ponPAgnzOD-Jf__XJJT_2sS3-J8qJrYQPjTsdtkSoUGOZ7n7_b6x6gf1gCC-ajzn55a0O09xPaeKMBOD69ojxyLGMeh5YFk2sZaUTQ/s3707/tat%202.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2572" data-original-width="3707" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1tSmBHZRZ-CjpflPbncD5dmv2-MfMaosnld1RIPLYtXWbKvR8ZA6GTss5W8NfXFt1cKPseIcWxLUMXVDEQjU3ponPAgnzOD-Jf__XJJT_2sS3-J8qJrYQPjTsdtkSoUGOZ7n7_b6x6gf1gCC-ajzn55a0O09xPaeKMBOD69ojxyLGMeh5YFk2sZaUTQ/w408-h257/tat%202.jpg" width="408" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tatra Dancers<br />Image from <i>Elmira's Poles </i>by Ray Winieski</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /><div><div>The group learned and performed traditional Polish folk dances and were dedicated to authenticity. Group instructor George Bacmanski supplied the group with traditional costumes directly from Poland. In 1979, his daughter Rose Bacmanski studied at Poland's Koscuiszko Foundation, and in 1980, the group traveled to Poland to perform in the Rzeszow Folk Festival. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzCtSxEYssJVHu2GsoOjTrCytnpUIA239mynjRsjMZZT4RqSCLZ8aK6z3I1N5tWVFghYR80RlutEmZVvjyeJwUPajG06J7CYWeRBogLDgKW3yUNZF5CwILgLCL9xOlNBL5RXwg8eA5_wbWAsE2kpZjZqObsMZJmW8FdC3Ni75u_yj0ZtiOQDLESM_-6g/s4032/IMG-1844.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzCtSxEYssJVHu2GsoOjTrCytnpUIA239mynjRsjMZZT4RqSCLZ8aK6z3I1N5tWVFghYR80RlutEmZVvjyeJwUPajG06J7CYWeRBogLDgKW3yUNZF5CwILgLCL9xOlNBL5RXwg8eA5_wbWAsE2kpZjZqObsMZJmW8FdC3Ni75u_yj0ZtiOQDLESM_-6g/w335-h446/IMG-1844.jpg" width="335" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Embroidered woolen vest made in Poland and <br />believed to have been worn by a Tatra dancer<br /><i>Loaned courtesy of Marge Cowulich</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br />There are many different styles of Polish folk dance, each deriving from the distinct culture of the region in which it originated. However, the so-called "national" dances spread throughout the country from their original regions and were danced by all classes. </div><div><br /></div><div>The five national dances of Poland include:</div><div><br /></div><div>The <b>Krakowiak</b>: a fast paced exhibition dance featuring several couples following a lead pair. It hails from the Krakow region of Poland.</div><div>The <b>Kujawiak:</b> a slow, smooth dance from the Mazovian plains region of Kujawy. The dance is usually paired with the faster Oberek. </div><div>The <b>Oberek:</b> a dance from the Mazowsze villages of Central Poland. Like many styles, the Oberek originated amongst peasants and spread to the nobility. It's name comes from the Polish word "to spin" or rotate and it is known for its jumps and spins. </div><div>The <b>Mazur</b>: another dance from the Mazovian plains, the mazur has a popular if irregular rhythm and much foot-stomping and heel-clicking.</div><div>The<b> Polonez</b>: the aristocratic waltz-like "walking" dance is a slow promenading ballroom dance </div><div><br /></div><div>Popular regional dances from the Tatra region of Poland include the <b>Goralski</b> and the <b>Zbojnicki,</b> both known as highland dances. Both dances showcase the acrobatic talents of dancers and can use the ciupaga, or shepherd's axe, though the axe is more popular in the Zbojnicki, an all-male dance modeled after the exploits of the "zbojnik", or mythical robber, of the region.</div><div><br /></div><div>Watch Polish dances being performed on this YouTube Playlist: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR18vxeMSzPSBEsjhKAOkzbBmYM29axyn" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR18vxeMSzPSBEsjhKAOkzbBmYM29axyn</a></div><div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMSvTGPqZE05OlOQA6l7V_yATehes_gPkWAgFTI6FNRC71AG0k2JWOuxUn9lXCb1YQ-DCKlukGH3MrAr0q-u8edPXOrYH3BtER0vr6_GW70KEZ-SG14TY3PsX3b7yBfIofENyMEPWnjfhxeiW3qG6tOK1faTdhdxbMfeLaMJt4N7jamg2M5zDk48COtg/s5184/IMG_3794.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMSvTGPqZE05OlOQA6l7V_yATehes_gPkWAgFTI6FNRC71AG0k2JWOuxUn9lXCb1YQ-DCKlukGH3MrAr0q-u8edPXOrYH3BtER0vr6_GW70KEZ-SG14TY3PsX3b7yBfIofENyMEPWnjfhxeiW3qG6tOK1faTdhdxbMfeLaMJt4N7jamg2M5zDk48COtg/s320/IMG_3794.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cup featuring the Kujawiak <br /><i>Courtesy of Christina Markiewicz</i></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MgOYE3i5bvB7QJZniv3XQeZAXrNIObr1_faGRjv9hUmOrR9gwrBG955SSJfVE9VuXrZ9JkZ5kGPdrt_EWOI7fptNeTQ3QiljhUGNGEqXw6egH0MPmZRK3L1bNyYt4wD7hzHkZKR7DNl6hzAaWfWBHDFglAkLhTXp5YyQT4cHWvRv7WV61-fj5fR3nw/s5184/IMG_3793.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MgOYE3i5bvB7QJZniv3XQeZAXrNIObr1_faGRjv9hUmOrR9gwrBG955SSJfVE9VuXrZ9JkZ5kGPdrt_EWOI7fptNeTQ3QiljhUGNGEqXw6egH0MPmZRK3L1bNyYt4wD7hzHkZKR7DNl6hzAaWfWBHDFglAkLhTXp5YyQT4cHWvRv7WV61-fj5fR3nw/s320/IMG_3793.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cup featuring the Mazur<br /><i>Courtesy of Christina Markiewicz</i></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVI945-FHU4Z9K_Qj-1Y26evr6fzzLqnNw3voEUXNgr7pHGhNAlEeFY2J_Nh8ujgPjKo8Yt8H9kjwz0-FRZ2Zen-5dwD-GhC4c403zdRThzJDAutlDUYd07tkAeZ8leQbZ4wLmgP9Lt8L6NUXikMlSpGYgoHcbpge6O5KQAOe4quicawrKtxIA__X3Zg/s5184/IMG_3790.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVI945-FHU4Z9K_Qj-1Y26evr6fzzLqnNw3voEUXNgr7pHGhNAlEeFY2J_Nh8ujgPjKo8Yt8H9kjwz0-FRZ2Zen-5dwD-GhC4c403zdRThzJDAutlDUYd07tkAeZ8leQbZ4wLmgP9Lt8L6NUXikMlSpGYgoHcbpge6O5KQAOe4quicawrKtxIA__X3Zg/s320/IMG_3790.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cup featuring the Polonez<br /><i>Courtesy of Christina Markiewicz</i></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div>Today, the exhibit <i>Polonia in Chemung County </i>is on display just off the gallery where the Tatra dancers performed fifty years ago. The exhibit showcases many items having to do with Polish dancing. Christina Markiewicz kindly loaned the Museum a series of porcelain cups displaying multiple dance styles and Bettyann Bubacz donated a ciupaga (dancing axe) to the Museum. Come check it out!<div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwZ4FwE9BR60MszwRo63JPCrBEWizFRa8pTZnNTK2dSt40MceLREXOezAmwzoPRWGr2IWIi0xpgEltc6vTSXCLZ-1_c2Wt1-rBlLXNw03l5N8Bdv-6alMT7TSQkTbCSBhFFkRbrvdqze8f3IXQlyW6Qv43BROYnznp4eEJ4W5kNtyoOnfs7fqDjh3JQ/s4032/IMG-1802.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="587" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwZ4FwE9BR60MszwRo63JPCrBEWizFRa8pTZnNTK2dSt40MceLREXOezAmwzoPRWGr2IWIi0xpgEltc6vTSXCLZ-1_c2Wt1-rBlLXNw03l5N8Bdv-6alMT7TSQkTbCSBhFFkRbrvdqze8f3IXQlyW6Qv43BROYnznp4eEJ4W5kNtyoOnfs7fqDjh3JQ/w440-h587/IMG-1802.jpg" width="440" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polish Dancing Case in the exhibit <i>Polonia in Chemung County</i><br /> On Display Now at the Chemung Valley History Museum<br /><i>Objects loaned to the Museum courtesy of Bettyann Bubacz, <br />Jackie Droleski, Christina Markiewicz, and Jane Stalica <br /></i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br /></div></div>Chemung County Historical Societyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10900123449058876859noreply@blogger.com0