by Rachel Dworkin, archivist
The other
day I was working on identifying and cataloging a collection of unlabeled
photographs of Elmira Police officers from the 1950s. It was pretty slow going but there was one
man I thought I knew right away: Wilbur Reid. From
1953 to 1959, Reid was the only black officer in the entire Elmira Police
Department. *** Correction: According to Reid's son, the man in the photo is actually not Wilbur Reid. If anyone knows who he actually is, I would be much obliged if you'd let me know***See the difference? |
In recent
months the often troubled relationship between police and communities of color
has been in the forefront of our national consciousness. Problems include racial profiling, excessive
use of force and a mutual lack of trust.
There are many steps which need to be taken to begin to deal with these
issues, but some feel that having a police force which is more representative
of the community it serves might help.
Historically speaking, how has the Elmira Police Department reflected
the diversity of our community?
Over the
last 150 years of its existence, the Elmira Police Department has been very
white. The first black police officer
was John Washington. He was appointed to
the police in 1876 by Mayor Turner and served for 13 years before retiring in
1889 at the age of 71. Washington was a giant of a man who was frequently
called upon to carry home drunks. At the
time of his retirement he received a special commendation from the police
commissioners for his service.
John Washington, ca. 1880 |
Washington
would be the last African American on the force for over 50 years. In October of 1947, the civic affairs
committee of the Elmira chapter of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) petitioned the city Council asking for the
appointment of blacks to the police and fire departments. “In other cities Negroes are so employed and
it is generally conceded that Negro policemen are very valuable in the
city. Negroes are citizens and in a
democratic society should have representation,” the petition read. The Council agreed and encouraged blacks to
apply for the next round of civil service testing, with the understanding that
veterans would receive preference. In
1953, Wilbur Reid passed the test and became Elmira’s first black police
officer in the 20th century.
He left
the force in 1959 in favor of a more lucrative job as a medical technician, but
the department went on to hire three new black officers during the 1960s:
Robert Harriel Jr. (1964-1986), Arthur Keith Sr. (1964-1974) and Joseph Muson (1969-1970). Following Harriel’s death in 1986, the
department was once more completely white.
In 1998, it began a campaign targeted at recruiting blacks, Hispanics
and women. It was also around this time
that the department struggled with protests and lawsuits alleging racial
discrimination and profiling by police.
Following the incidents, the department conducted a series of community
conversations in order to improve communications and allay fears. In 2006, they hired their first 21st
century black officer. There are
currently 2 black officers on the force.
Elmira police, ca. 1970s |